their receipt from society.
Here is the idea of equality of donation and receipt to citizens' account of society,
this is a great idea of justice "[4, p.107]. He defined the relationship and mutual
responsibilities of the individual and society through the prism of the basic principle -
justice. But at the same time M. A. Hredeskul noted that in a society there must
necessarily exist both rights and duties. And for a stable development of society, a
reasonable ratio of donations in favor of society and taking into account the needs of
the individual is needed. Characteristically, representatives of the sociological
direction considered those or other rights only through the prism of law as, so to speak,
"pure" law, which completely depends on the environment in which it is formed. By
the way, they did not provide any classifications of human rights and citizen, without
even dividing these concepts. Because they did not consider the difference between the
concepts of "citizen" and "man," but only defined the role of the environment for the
existence of law.
Turning to the works of representatives of legal positivism, it should be noted that
they, above all, determined the role of positive law as the only "right" without giving
due attention to natural law, or generally denying its existence. Among these authors
we consider it necessary to mention the works of M. K. Rennenkampf, M. I. Paliienko,
F. V. Taranovskyi and others.
M. K. Rennenkampf in his work “Essays of the Legal Encyclopedia” provided a
clear classification of human rights, based on the diversity of the rules of law on the
basis of which they arise. The rights of the person were attributed by the author to the
sphere of private law: "Private rights are directly the rights of individuals; they proceed
from the notion of a person as an independent person and exist for the sake of his
interests, defining the range of objects that belong to him, and the scope of his private
activity. Due to such principles of private rights to them the concept of rights is used
for the benefit of the acquired, that is, those that are realized and assimilated by certain
persons, once acquired they exist on their own and can be lost only for special reasons
specified by law; the state itself can break and change them no other way than in case
of extreme necessity, and then giving their owners full remuneration "[9, p.146].
The content and classification of personal rights was provided by scientists in
accordance with well-defined criteria. M. K. Rennenkampf defined the diversity of
norms as the first criterion for the distribution of rights. It is on the basis of this criterion
that rights are derived from the main or constitutional laws, and rights arising from
simple or ordinary laws. The content of fundamental rights (which are formed on the
basis of constitutional laws) refers, on the one hand, to the fundamental principles of
state structure and existence, the foundations of state power, its primacy, unity,
continuity, peculiarity, the position of the head of state, its relation to the law, the
management of internal and external affairs, education and disposal of public funds
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