(given their natural qualities and capabilities, as well as social and legal
responsibilities) must protect and help the weak (wives, children, parents) – on the
contrary, increasingly use some kind of violence against them. This is not a normal
condition for the development of a democratic European country, when alongside with
technological, scientific, and cultural development, urbanization and attempts to
enhance socio-economic standards such phenomena as violent crimes in the family-
domestic sphere, criminogenic family situations, victimization of women and children
are spreading.
In our opinion, victims of crimes in the family-domestic sphere do have specific
victimal qualities and should be studied in the context of the criminogenic family
situation. After all, relationships between the members of the same family are already
of a specific nature, since they combine simultaneously individual and common
interests, needs, desires, and expectations. And although conflicts in the family-
domestic sphere develop according to a similar scenario (a severe collision between
the interests of the family members regarding the opposing interests, views, needs), the
conditions that contribute to the development of destructive family-domestic conflicts,
leading to the commission of a violent crime by one family member against another,
are specific in each particular case.
In particular, L. V. Kryzhna gave such criminological characteristics which are
common to crimes committed in the sphere of family-domestic conflicts:
1)
a conflict situation per se, in which there is a collision of opposing interests,
characters, aspirations, is of particular importance in the origin of crimes in the sphere
of family-domestic relations; the conflict may arise from any unsatisfied need (in social
communication, prestige; sexual dissatisfaction), but it is often based on interpersonal
dislikes, psychological incompatibility;
2)
by its very nature, the conflict is a flaw in social communication, which is
most typical of the spheres of relations in question, where social control over behavior
is weak, where there is often a neglectful or indifferent treatment of the person and
their interests on the part of the family members;
3)
in the sphere of family-domestic relations, crimes are identified as being a
result of:
a) a prolonged and heated conflict initiated by the aggressor;
b) situationally determined conflict behavior of the victim;
c) the immoral lifestyle of the aggressor and the victim;
d) the aggressor's resolving of their internal personal conflict by socially
dangerous means in an objectively neutral situation [11, p. 40].
If we consider domestic violence in the perspective of this scheme, it can then be
established that the conflict situation develops precisely because the aggressor doesn't
see the victim as a personality, disrespects their human needs and interests. Resorting
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