Chayka O.
Ph.D., Candidate of Technical Science, senior lecturer of the department of
Ecological Safety and Nature Protection Activities, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of
Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Paraniak N.
Ph.D., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Departmen tof
Civil Safety, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv
Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Romaniv А.
Ph.D., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department
of Civil Safety, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv
Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine.
INVESTIGATION OF SOIL HEAVY METAL POLLUTION ON THE
AREAS AROUND THE AIRPORT
Introduction. Heavy metals are present in the soil as natural impurities, and the
reasons why the concentrations of them are increasing are related to human activity.
Over the past decades, due to the rapid evolution of industry, is observed a significant
increase of heavy metals in the biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere, which is why
they are now one of the priority pollutants of land resources [1].
According to the National Center of the Institute of Soil Science and
Agrochemistry, now about 20% of the territory of Ukraine is contaminated with heavy
metals [2]. As a result, the soils require long-term ecological inspection and control.
Contamination of heavy metals, mainly, has a local character. The most polluted
territories are found near industrial centers, large industrial facilities, and transport
highways. The analysis of sources [3-6] shows that during the operation of aviation
equipment, soil pollution occurs. The presence of mineral mixtures, petroleum
products, phenols, heavy metals, chemical mixtures for cleaning airplanes, mineral
oils, dissolved organic impurities and nitrogen-containing substances are characteristic
for surface runoff from the territory of airline companies. The flow of rain and
meltwater also absorbs part of flue gases of boiler houses, harmful emissions of auto
and air transport, which settled on an airfield [5-6].
The level of soil contamination by heavy metals and the laws of their dissipation
depend on the numbers of pollutants industries, duration of their activity, quality of
raw materials, production technology, and the efficiency of treatment facilities. In most
cases, soil and vegetation contamination is local in nature. They appear within a radius
of tens kilometers from the source of the pollution. The risk of soil contamination will
get higher as long as the more actual content of harmful substances and the lower the
- 206 -