The purpose of the research is to determine the content of heavy metals in soils
outside the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone that are affected by the airport's
activity and the migration of heavy metals on the distance. Based on the analysis of the
sampled soil, it was necessary to determine the intensity of the heavy metals pollution
of the earth and to justify measures to prevent or reduce negative impacts on soils.
Research results. Due to the location within the city, the airport named after
Danylo Halytsky is led to the pollution of the natural environment, therefore, it is
necessary to carry out an ecological assessment of the territory on the content of heavy
metals. The analysis of geochemistry of territories must be carried out in a concrete
aspect, especially, the study of the migration of chemical elements.
The main pollutants of landscapes are: dust, nitrogen oxides, sulfur, carbon, heavy
metals, etc. For all these components there are anomalies in which the concentration of
many elements is higher than the regional background and MPC. Consequently, it is
necessary to determine the index of contamination of chemical elements in soils,
namely, to calculate the coefficient of concentration of trace elements in the natural
environment.
Geochemical soil evaluation of heavy metal content is traditionally performed by
comparing their actual content with certain parameters, in particular, the chemical
element cluster in the lithosphere or soil, the maximum permissible concentration
(MPC), or roughly acceptable concentration (ODK), and also background parameters.
The collection of information on the background geochemical properties of soils was
carried out according to various literary sources. The most objective results of the
research are presented in the materials of large-scale soil surveys of all lands of the
territory of Ukraine, which were carried out in the 1950s-1960s. The peculiarity of
these studies is that the background of chemical elements is designed for the most
widespread soils, as well as for different natural zones, including for the West Podillya.
To determine the degree of accumulation of heavy metals, a concentration coefficient
(QC) is used to characterizes the ratio of the content of the chemical element in the soil
to its background value [8, 9].
It should be noted that the valuation of heavy metals has been carried out over 50-
70 years ago, therefore these indicators need to be refined and improved taking into
account the latest methods of analytical work, modern empirical data and scientific
generalizations in the field of soil science, geoecology and geochemistry of landscapes.
The classification of hazard metals, which takes into account their toxicity and
persistence in the soil and plants. Class I includes As, Cd, Hg, Se, Pb, Zn; to grade II
of danger - B, Co, Ni, Mo, Cu, Sb, Cr, and also Ba; V, W, Mn, Sr is classified as hazard
class III. In conducting geochemical studies on the determination of the content of
heavy elements in agrolandscapes, which are in the zone of influence of technogenic
objects, we have been guided by this classification.
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