Among the studied species of perennial grasses in these ecological conditions for
all methods of soil tillage, the highest productivity in the first three years of use
provided by Lolium perenne L. Not much, but only within the limits of experimental
error (0.35 t/ha dry weight), concede Dactylis glomerata, Festuca orientalis, Bromus
inermis and Phalaris arundinacea.
At 0,34-1,12 t/ha of dry mass or 6-20% on the same agricultural backgrounds
Phleum pratense L. concede to Lolium perenne L, as well as Dactylis glomerata,
Festuca orientalis, Bromus inermis and Phalaris arundinacea, which is attributable to
the average level of it productivity. The lowest productivity had the mid-ripening
Festuca rubra, which on 0.43-1.25 t/ha of dry mass or 8-23% concede to Lolium
perenne L., Festuca orientalis, Bromus inermis and Phalaris arundinacea. Festuca rubra
inconsequential concede on performance to Phleum pratense L.
The depth of main soil tillage did not significantly affect the productivity of
perennial grasses. With increasing of soil tillage depth from 8-10 cm for surface
disking up to 20-22 cm in plowing, the productivity of all investigated species
increased during the three years only in average on 0,13-0,20 t / ha or by 2-3% at НІР05
0,30 t/ha. The difference between the average depth of soil tillage (16-18 cm),
maximum studied depth (20-22 cm) and the minimum (8-10 cm) was even lower.
Dynamics of agrochemical soil rates during the research period. Nitrogen - an
important nutrient element used in the synthesis of protein, nucleic acids (RNA and
DNA), which play an important role in metabolism and transfer of hereditary plant
characteristics. Soil of the experimental field contain 68.0 mg/kg of this element. In
so doing, 97-98% of available nitrogen is in organic matter of the soil, mainly in humus.
Accessibility of available mineral forms of nitrogen in the soil that can directly been
absorbed by plants depends on number of conditions - from air, thermal and water
modes, pH, acidity, amount of humus and organic residues. Microbiological processes,
which determine the accessibility of available nitrogen in the soil, contribute to it
formation during the mineralization of organic matter and simultaneously determine
their reduction in soil due to biological absorption and losses under the denitrification
[7, 312].
To characterize the nutritional mode, we determined alkaline hydrolyzed
nitrogen, which include its available mineral forms in the soil, as well as nitrogen, the
easiest part of the decomposition of organic matter that can mineralized in the nearest
future. In our opinion, this element is the most complete indicator of effective soil
fertility. The definition of this fraction due to the fact most fully characterize the supply
of plants with nitrogen, because it includes ammonia and nitrate nitrogen.
During the research, in the soil of experimental field in variant with Phleum
pratense L. observed increasing of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content in arable layer
to 78.1 mg/kg of soil in 2013 (Table 6). Established that the greatest amount of nitrogen
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