needs. When paying the work of hired workers at rates below this maximum, the
employer deducts the rental income "[12, p. 91].
Accordingly, the presence of IR raises the problem of determining the proportion
of distribution of rent between the employee and employer. According to O. Davydova,
the total rental income of a business entity should be distributed between employees
and the firm in proportion to the division of its total IC into human and structural. In
practice, firms often exercise a monopoly on human capital, which is used as a
production facility. Strengthening the contradiction between the individual and social
nature of the formation and assignment of IR leads to increased income differentiation
and their redistribution through the market and the tax system, and serves as an
important factor in the distribution of innovation in the implementation of IC [12, p.
91].
In the conditions of functioning of the innovation organization, the innovative
(intellectual-innovative) rent as a form of IR has a number of factors [11]:
1) the factor of production is information and knowledge that are specific, rare,
inexhaustible resources, can be repeatedly decomposed at minimal cost, are not
alienated from the owner who created it, does not lose value after using and has a
selective property (information can be used by all members of society, but the quality
of using depends on the skills and abilities of the subject);
2) the manufacturer is an "intellectual" employee, the preparation and
maintenance of which requires significant material costs;
3) the ownership of intellectual products cannot be alienated from the developer
(if the intellectual product developer is a hired employee, then according to the terms
of an employment contract, it has the right to receive part of the profit from the
commercialization of such a product, but has no rights to self-commercialization of
such products);
4) the possibility of selling on the market of an intellectual product or a product
made with it.
In intellectual production, in the price of a smart product already included rent on
the IC. Thus, the price of an intellectual product is divided into three parts, the first of
which compensates for all types of capital (both tangible and intangible), the second
represents the rent on the IC, the third - the income of the owner of the traditional types
of capital in the field of the functioning of the IC.
Obtaining IR for enterprises is associated with certain complications, among
which:
1) the necessity of significant expenses at the initial stage of creation of the
intellectual product (additional costs of enterprises are: maintenance of intellectual
workers, wages which are much higher than less skilled workers; search of buyers,
consumers of innovative products, advertising, registration of intellectual property
rights, etc.);
- 99 -