In general, five dominant models of labor market regulation are distinguished:
American, German, English, Swedish and Japanese [14, p.11]. It should be noted that
the main differences of the Ukrainian model of labor market regulation from the above-
mentioned are that they apply different approaches to allocate funds to active and
passive measures of state employment policy, as well as in the difference of the
legislative provision of employment guarantees and legislative consolidation of
employment forms.
1.
American model of labor market regulation.
The basis of this model is the subsidiary type of socio-labor relations, the
orientation of the employee to achieve personal success and self-realization. This
model is characterized by the following features:
-
decentralization of the labor market and legislation on employment and social
insurance;
-
high level of control over the employee by the employer;
-
high geographical and professional mobility of workers;
-
relatively high rate of unemployment;
-
professional career is connected with change of workplace;
-
high level of mobility;
-
the level of wages is established on the basis of qualification of work and its
complexity;
-
promotion, as a rule, is not connected with the extension of the professional
qualification profile;
-
attention is paid to the issues of professional orientation;
-
there are both private agencies and special centers for professional guidance at
colleges and universities [15, p.251].
2.
German model of labor market regulation.
In our opinion, one of the most effective ways of solving unemployment
problems, which is currently acutely facing Ukraine, is the way Germany is going. The
German (or neo-liberal) employment model is based on active employment policy and
is characterized by the following features:
-
the state encourages all producers (employers and employees) who create new
jobs;
-
supports the existing level of employment under the modernization of
enterprises;
-
provides privileges to enterprises that refrain from mass layoffs of employees;
-
the main part of subsidies is directed to cooperatives formed on the basis of
bankrupt enterprises from the unemployed who have certain knowledge but lack of
business organization skills [10, c. 51];
-
high level of legal protection of the employee;
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