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encouraging the development of small business through the provision of public
loans and subsidies [17, p.280].
5.
Japanese model of labor market regulation.
The Japanese model of labor relations is characterized by the support of
employees' sense of involvement in the firm, which is stimulated by special forms of
social assistance. There are: increase of wages in case of creation of a family or the
birth of a child, the purchase of housing for the employee by the company or payment
of a loan for its purchase. A characteristic feature of this model is a special strategy for
preventing unemployment on the basis of maintaining the accounting number by
transferring employees to other enterprises of the firm, as well as ensuring a shorter
working day. However, in addition to large corporations that pursue a life-long
employment policy, there are many small firms in Japan, where workers do not have
any employment guarantees at all.
Another feature is a slight differentiation of wages between low-skilled and highly
skilled workers (not more than in 4 times). In Japan trade unions operate mainly on the
domestic level [18].
The Japanese model provides guarantees of employment for employees
throughout the working life, increasing all types of benefits depending, first of all, on
the length of service. The unemployment rate in Japan in recent years is 3-3.5%.
However, domestic scientists point out that this is a model that can be implemented in
a specific mental environment [20, p.370], considering that living conditions differ
from Western European and Ukrainian standards.
Consideration of national characteristics of countries with market economic
shows that they are characterized by the refusal from strict regulation of labor relations
in the conditions of a stable and long-term existence of a system of guaranteed
protection of workers’ rights. Another peculiarity is the flexibility of labor relations
and the weakening of direct state interference in them.
It should be noted that although each model has its own specific features, it is
possible to identify certain common trends that are present in each model and which
state employment policy should be directed to. In our opinion, they should include the
following:
1.
professional orientation of the population, personnel training and advanced
training;
2.
employment of the unemployed population;
3.
legislative providing of socio-labor relations;
4.
promoting the creation and development of flexible labor market and non-
standard forms of employment;
5.
social protection of the unemployed population;
6.
conducting economic policy in the interests of employment.
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