manifestations, is not the only tendency to develop the political, socio-economic and
cultural life of mankind. Its another growing trend is localization.
The ideological basis of the globalization process since the 80's in XX century
became a thatcherism-reaganism, that is, neoconservative political ideologies. The
process of localization, fragmentation of society is justified by such concepts as
postmodernism, nationalism, religious fundamentalism, feminism, etc. Yes, 90’s of
XX century and the beginning of the XXI century became the period of nationalist
movements explosion in the post-Soviet states, in Yugoslavia, Canada, the UK,
Ukraine (2004 and 2014), Spain (2017), and others. We can witness to numerous
manifestations of Muslim fundamentalism.
Ideological foundations of different subcultures have anti-globalization character.
The manifestations of such subcultures include the peasant movement in Mexico,
partisan movement in Peru, a trade union movement in France, a student movement in
the United States and Britain, Greenpeace movement all over the world, as well as
many others, aimed to protect local traditions, rights, customs and values.
A certain opposition to globalism are acts of regionalism (ideology and strategy,
which purpose is to provide the interests of the regions), although they have a lot in
common. Thus, for European integration, as well as for globalization, the unification,
standardization of numerous feaures in nation life in the region is typical. The European
opposition, as opposed to globalization (Americanization), has, first of all, in economic
sense. It is becoming more and more relevant with disappearing of the opposition under
the formula of socialism - capitalism, and in the cultural, which is most clearly
manifested in France.
Thus, not all researchers tend to regard globalization as a trend without any
alternative. ‘Euphoria about the positive effects of the unexpectedly large-scale
Westernization is gradually taking place in the post-Soviet socio-political space,
remarked Ukrainian researcher V. Gorbatenko, - it becomes clear that the path of
civilization development is in the interaction of globalization and localism, modernism
and postmodernism.’ [5].
There are widespread effects of globalization in the educational sphere. It
determines the most significant contradictions faced by a modern educator. In the
report of Jacques Delors, chair of the UNESCO International Education Commission,
this statement was claimed at the 45th session of the International Conference on
Education (Geneva, 1996): "The first contradiction, the contradiction between global
and local: globalization is coming. Nowadays it scares many people who ask
themselves whether they will lose their identity and their souls in the expected "global
home". The result is that many people - in fact the majority - are trying to find their
roots, protest against new realities and try to abidy by old standards of life. The
teacher’s task is to preserve the identity of every nation, every folk, and to prepare 6-
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