have appropriate storage facilities and conditions for its storage;
- lack of infrastructure for the sale of such products through fruit and sheep farms;
- high energy and resource costs of crop production;
- lack of innovative approaches to modern methods of tillage and cultivation of
crops (systems No-Till, Mini-Till, Strip-Till, organic production, drip irrigation);
- a certain shortage of highly skilled workers who are able to work with the latest
means of labor and use high-tech operations for growing crops;
- insufficient return of nutrients to the soil, which does not allow to maintain and
improve their condition and ability to form crop yields.
Soil fertility is particularly improved due to inclusion grain legumes in the
selection of crops in crop rotations. They have a biological feature to form active
complexes with soil microorganisms, which bind a significant amount of nitrogen from
the air in the process of nitrogen fixation. It is known that during the growing season
legumes, depending on the moisture conditions, accumulate from 60-70 to 150 kg of
nitrogen. To meet the needs of plants in this amount of nitrogen is necessary to make
200-500 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate. In addition, symbiotic nitrogen fixation has a
much higher economic efficiency than the cost of mineral fertilizers. The nitrogen fixed
by legumes is used by plants for several years in full, and is not lost as from mineral
nitrogen fertilizers. In the root zone legumes produce an active complex of
microorganisms that grow very quickly and divide, resulting in the accumulation of
organic matter, which eventually turns into humus substances [5]. Additionally, the
root allocation of legumes are capable of dissolving phosphates and increase the
assimilation of phosphorus compounds [6]. In general, soil enrichment with organic
matter improves plant nutrition with minerals in an accessible form, the soil acquires a
dynamic balance.
The research was carried out on dark chestnut soil and southern chernozemic soil
which is typical for the South of Ukraine on the fields of the Institute of irrigated
agriculture of NAAS and Mykolaiv National Agrarian University according to the
generally accepted methods of experimental work.
It was found that in the dark chestnut soil in the area of the Ingulets irrigation
system, during four rotations of 7-field rotation with alfalfa, the share of which is
35.7% annually loss of humus from the arable layer of the unfrozen soil is 70-90 kg/ha,
and during irrigation they were bigger. In case of complete fertilizer of each rotation
crop (in doses that are recommended for the zone) humus content in irrigated soil is
stabilized, and through the use of once per rotation and even 80 t/ha of half-decay
manure it even grows (Table 1).
The deficit in organic fertilizers in the absence of pus in sufficient quantities in
crop rotations should be covered by post-harvest residues and by using by-products of
crops for fertilizer. The role of organic fertilizers is extremely important in the
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