Table 6 Total water consumption of sunflower and its balance
in the years of cultivation
Years of
research
Components of water consumption, m3 / ha
Share of total water
consumption, %
Soil
moisture
Precipitation
of the
vegetation
period
General water
consumption
Soil
moisture
Precipitation
of the
vegetation
period
2016
980
2293
3273
29.9
70.1
2017
670
1636
2306
29.1
70.9
The average
for 2016-2017
825
1965
2790
29.6
70.4
Significantly higher total water consumption was determined in a more favorable
moist year – 2016, in which the soil moisture reserves were also large. However, in
both years growing in the balance of total water consumption, the proportion of both
soil moisture and precipitation of the growing season were almost the same. At the
same time, it is most important to determine the coefficient of water consumption that
characterizes the amount of moisture that the plant spends on the formation of the crop
unit.
Sunflower crops on average for two years of research the least effectively used
moisture without the use of biological products for foliar feeding. Thus, during
treatment of crops with water only (control) plants spent 1320,4 m
3
/t, slightly less than
the coefficient of water consumption already in processing plants in the phase of 3-4
pairs of leaves with retardin (0.25 kg/ha) 1211,9 m
3
/t. with Fresh energy depending on
the doses of use – 1005.11-1171.6 m
3
/t, and these two drugs together: 941.7 is 1128
m
3
/t.
Carrying out fertilizing in the budding phase provided a more efficient use of
moisture by sunflower plants. Among two feedings in the phase of 3-4 pairs of leaves
budding and the coefficient of water consumption was reduced to 873.4-912.3 m
3
/t.
Therefore only due to the processing of sunflower crops with growth regulators
according to the background gopong application of mineral fertilizers N
16
P
16
K
16
it is
possible to reduce the ratio of water consumption to 9.0-51.2 %.
It should be noted that since two years of sunflower cultivation, the water
consumption coefficient has been determined somewhat higher in 2016, and in 2017,
it was slightly less favorable in terms of precipitation.
The importance of biological products in improving the efficiency of water
consumption of sunflower is illustrated in Fig. 3, where the better time for foliar
application is clearly seen.
- 1256 -