with a network of experimental breeding stations. The Mliivsk Garden and
Horticulture Research station, organized in 1921, was the center for scientific research
on the garden pests.
In 1925, under the direction of V.G. Averin and O.O. Mihulin, for the first time
in Ukraine in Balakliivskyi district of Kharkiv region the testing of aviation means for
controlling the Italian locusts and their introduction into the agricultural production
were made. The number of the locusts amounted to 250 individuals per 1 m². 1,5
thousand acres, or 70% of the inhabited area were sprayed [13, 16].
In 1926, under the direction of O.O. Mihulin, for the first time in Ukraine a
signaling and forecasting service for the emergence and spreading of pests was created,
the methods of which were later widely practiced in the territory of the former USSR.
According to the task of the Council of Labor and Defense, in 1927, under the guidance
of O.O. Mihulin a thorough survey of vineyards of Ukraine was conducted, and a map
of phylloxera spreading in the republic was prepared. On this basis a system of
measures for the protection of vineyards from this pest was developed.
In 1926–1967 J.J. Korab and A.P. Butovskyi conducted a series of studies on
morphology, biology, distribution, and harmfulness of sugar beet nematode and they
proposed crops protection measures against it. The results of these works are given in
the monograph “Beetroot Growing” (1959).
Since the 30s of the XXth century the researches of the scientist from St.
Petersburg I.M. Philipiev, the works by K.S. Kirianova and her data on the survey on
the population of the main crops nematodes in the western regions of Ukraine have
been of a very importance. Thanks to the works of K.S. Kirianova it became known
that there were up to 50 species of nematodes of different groups on the arable land:
parasitic, saprobiotic, mycogelidia and free-living ones.
In connection with the creation of collective and state farms in 1929–1930 the
new tasks arose. In 1930-1931 about 30 institutes and research stations were organized,
in particular, the Institute of Plant Protection in Kharkiv, the scientific director of it
became the Phytopathologist T.D. Strakhov, and in 1932 he became the first dean of
the first in Ukraine and the former USSR the Department of Plant Protection at
Kharkiv Agricultural Institute. The Entomology Department at this institute was
headed by M.Ya. Bonardovych. Due to certain objective reasons, in 1934 the Institute
of Plant Protection was disbanded [13, 16].
At that time the largest entomological laboratories were created at the Ukrainian
(later the All-Union) Institute of Sugar Beet (Kyiv), Ukrainian Scientific and Research
Institute of Grain Farming (Kharkiv, then Dnipropetrovsk), and at the Ukrainian
Scientific and Research Institute of Fruit Production (Kyiv). In other institutes of this
branch (Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking,
the All-Union Research Institute of Hemp, Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute
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