Sychov M.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Head of the P.D. Pshenychnyi
Department of Animal Feeding and Feed Technology, National University of Life and
Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Holubiev M.
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Researcher, National
University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
RATIONING OF MINERAL NUTRITION OF CHICKEN BROILERS
Introduction. It is well-known that microelements play a major role among feed
nutrients in the processes of metabolic, fermentative and biochemical reactions, which
contributes to the intensity of growth, production of output and effective use of feed.
Deficiency, surplus or imbalance of one of the vital microelements can lead to a
disruption of the organism functioning as a whole.
Essential microelements function in the body as a component of more complex
organogenic molecules. For example, Iron is a part of hemoglobin and cytochrome,
and Iodine is part of the hormone thyroxine. Manganese, Zinc, Copper and Selenium
are important catalysts for a large number of enzymes. Thus, if the body lacks one of
these microelements, then the functional activity of the corresponding enzyme will
decrease [2, 10].
Usually, the need of an organism in essential microelements is provided from an
ordinary feed ration. However, soils differ in the content of microelements, and the
plants are known to differ in their digestibility of these elements. Therefore, feeds
grown in different biogeographic provinces may contain insufficient number of
specific vitally necessary microelements. Thus, the birds grown or used in intensive
technologies may require the addition of minerals to provide the adequate nutritional
needs in microelements.
The microelements are available in the market in various forms and periodically
there are problems due to the lack of certain knowledge about their chemical
composition or the stability of their salts. Therefore, the degree of microelement purity
in the mineral substance is a critical criterion when choosing this or that source of
microelements.
An environmental criterion for the safety of such microelement salts is the
possibility of environmental pollution, primarily with heavy metals. These metals and
other impurities can constitute a toxic hazard for the efficient production of poultry
products.
It should be noted that farm poultry of modern high-performance crosses is
capable of giving a pretty high productivity, which in its turn requires careful study of
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