impact of organic Zinc on the performance of ducks compared with oxide, which
deserves further study.
As substitutes for feed antibiotics Kim et al. [8] were studying the potential
effectiveness of using various sources of Copper (Cu-methioninate and Cu-proteinate)
in a total amount of 100 mg/kg of feed. The results of the experiment confirmed the
effectiveness of Copper, which contributed to a better growth of broiler chickens and
an increase in lactobacillus populations provided that the amount of E. coli is reduced
in the intestine compared with the use of avilamycin.
Kwiecien et al. [4] did not detect differences in the performance of broiler
chickens when Copper sulfate or glycinate are used, but noted the positive effect of
Cu-glycinate on the biomechanical properties of the tibia.
Attia et al. [6] found that such sources of Copper as sulfate and lysinate had no
significant effect on the growth rates of ducks, but the conversion of feed was worse in
birds that consumed the organic source of Copper. Compared to Copper sulfate,
lysinate contributed to increasing the secretion of Copper, its concentration in blood
plasma and the reduction of triglycerides in plasma.
We have not found any research of a direct separate comparison of various
sources of Iron, but there are a number of publications on the combined effect of
microelements on the productive and functional indicators of farm birds.
In the analysis of experimental studies it can be argued that the biological
availability and efficiency of using organic sources of Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu exceeds
inorganic feeds. Accordingly, lower levels of these microelements in rations can be
used without causing damage to the productivity of farm birds, which will contribute
to reducing the release of these microelements into the environment through poultry
manure, and thus will reduce the potential negative consequences of the poultry
industry.
Experimental aspects of Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu rational in feeding the chicken
broilers. Experimental studies were conducted at the P.D. Pshenychnyi Department of
Animal Feeding and Feed Technology of the National University of Life and
Environmental Sciences of Ukraine.
A comparative analysis to determine the optimum level and source of
microelements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu) in combined feed for farm poultry, namely chicken
broilers, was conducted by means of two separate scientific and economic experiments.
The experiment was carried out by the method of group-analogues. In accordance
with the experimental scheme (Table 1), 500 day-old chickens were selected, from
which, based on the analogues, five groups (three subgroups) were formed: control
group and four experimental ones. The experiment lasted for 42 days and was divided
into three periods (1-10, 11-22 and 23-42 days) and six sub-periods, each of them
having lasted for 7 days.
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