Skіba М.
PhD, Associate Professor of the department of Inorganic Materials Technology
and Ecology, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
Vorobyova V.
PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Chemistry, National Technical
University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» Kyiv, Ukraine
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF MONOMETALLIC
,
BIMETALLIC
NANOPARTICLES AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS:
PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS
Introduction. In the past few decades, the research field of metallic nanoparticels
(MNPs) has seen rapid development due to the unique properties, different from the
microsized materials which allow multiple applications.
The Nanotechnology
Consumer Products Inventory currently lists 622 companies in 32 countries, which
together produce 1814 nano-enabled consumer products.
At the top of the list are
monometallic and bimetallic NPs of noble metals. Several publications describe the
traditional methods used to produce MNPs for industrial applications, for example,
chemical
reduction,
electrochemical,
photochemical,
microwave-assisted,
hydrothermal, laser ablation, sol-gel, sonochemical. Each method has advantages and
disadvantages with common problems being costs, scalability, particle sizes and size
distribution. Furthermore the conventional methods for the production of NPs are
expensive, toxic, and non-environment friendly. To overcome these problems,
researchers have found the green synthesis. There are three general aspects that need
to be considered in green synthesis: solvent medium, non-toxic reducing agents, and
environmentally safe nanoparticle stabilizers [1, 2].
Synthesis of nanoparticles using a plasma discharge meets all three parameters.
Today it is one of the most innovative, environmentally safe and promising methods
of synthesis of nanosized compounds among green technologies. Discharges in which
electrodes (one or both) are low-conductivity liquids (water solutions, electrolytes,
technical and tap water) allow the generation of nonequilibrium plasma with a high
concentration of reactive radicals at different pressures. In turn, flows of energy and
reactive particles of the discharge can affect the state of the liquid electrode, causing
various physicochemical processes in it [3].
Among plasma-chemical discharges, the contact nonequilibrium low-temperature
plasma (CNP) is promising in terms of practical application. Plasma discharge is
generated between the electrode in the gas phase and the surface of the liquid with
another electrode. Thus, chemical transformations at the interface are due to: the
complex effect of electrochemical oxidation-reduction; a stream of charged particles
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