Vishnikin A.
Doctor of Science (Chemistry), Professor, Head of Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
Al-Shwaiyat Mohammed E.A.
PhD in Chemistry, Associate Professor, Department of Basic and Applied
Science, Zarka University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
Okovytyy S.
Doctor of Science (Chemistry), Professor, Vice-Rector for Scientific Work, Oles
Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
Chernavskaya A.
Assistant Professor, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Oles Honchar Dnipro
National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
Hedjazi M.
PhD student, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Oles Honchar Dnipro
National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
ANALYTICAL EFFECTS BASED ON INTERACTION OF ORGANIC
DYES WITH HETEROPOLY ANIONS, ANIONIC METAL COMPLEXES
AND CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES
Introduction. A study of the properties of ionic compounds in solution was one
of the most important areas of scientific research since the end of 19
th
century, when
Ostwald formulated the basic principles of the theory of color indicators and proposed
to consider analytical reactions in water as an interaction between ions. Compounds in
which there is no direct bonding between ions are called as outer-sphere complexes of
the ion pair type or ion-association complexes. At the same time, the processes of
formation of ion associate (IA) particles in solutions are in certain cases not limited by
the Coulomb forces. Analysis of literature leads to the conclusion that in a number of
cases at the formation of ion associates there are several additional types of interaction.
Formation of ion association complexes fundamentally does not lead to the changes in
the electronic spectra. The cases when this phenomenon occurs are subject of this
paper.
We propose to divide all the cases when color of the dye is changed by the
formation of the ion pair into three main types.
1) Electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions. This type of interaction is
common. However, color changes can occur only if the dye can participate in protolytic
equilibria. As a rule, a stable ion association complex can be formed only with one of
the protonated forms of the dye. This leads to a shift in protolytic equilibria, and in a
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