medicines, influencing the immune system, unfavorable ecological factors and
strengthening of pathogenicity of the yeast-like fungi themselves [3].
The frequency of fungal infections among the patients of the intensive care units
dramatically increased for the last years. Candida group is the most widespread
intrahospital pathogenic fungi [2]. Out of all patients, 17% are diagnosed fungi, and
50% receive the fungicide therapy, according to the researches [3, 8]. The fungi occupy
the fifth place as to the frequency among the hospital-acquired infections [1].
The systemic candidamycosis characterized by the increased frequency and death
rate attracts the greatest attention. The issue of frequency and the death rate connected
with the invasive candida infection has not been well-studied as yet. However, it is
widely known that Candidemia is potentially deathful hospital-acquired complication,
especially if it lasts for more than 24 hours. The death rate in case of invasive candidia
infection with the symptoms of fungal endophthalmitis amounts to 40-80% [1-3].
The nomenclature of allergens for the immunodiagnostics of candida
infection released in the world and their drawbacks. Earlier many researchers
during the immunodiagnostics of candida infection used the integral fungus cells, the
young ones, as the old fungi were less specific. During this three types of suspensions
were used: living cells (1- or 2-days old); heat-killed cells (more than 10 min. at 100
ºС or 30 min. at 80 ºС), and 0.2 % formaline-inactivated cells [4, 8].
The allergens from Candida fungi were also obtained using the fungus biomass
hydrolysis or the ultrasound. Trichloroacetic acid, alcali-diluted urea, formamide,
trypsin, phenol, β-napthol, glycerol, water, buffered solutions, etc. were used as the
extraction agents. Some authors used the alcohol precipitation, extracted the
preparations with the predominant polysaccharides content, since they believed that
polysaccharide is the fungus allergen determinant. Studying the composition of
Candida cell wall and polysaccharides excretion showed that the latter as a structural
unit predominantly contain the mannose with the small glucose admixtures. Later the
allergens were obtained composed of the manan, manan-protein and glucan-protein,
also obtained from the surface of the integral cell, cell wall and cultural environment,
suspensions of living and killed cells, extract obtained during the ultrasound cells
destruction. However, the use of these preparations for the immunodiagnostics of
candida infection has not given the definitive results [2, 8].
Many researchers used the general extract of destroyed yeast cells C albicans for
the diagnostics of candida infection. Such complex antigenic reparations turned out to
be the most efficient for the precipitation tests.
The destruction of the fungus cells by the host using the mechanisms of specific
and non-specific protection may lead to the release of the cytoplasmic antigen, allergen.
If we consider that such phenomenon takes place in case of deep invasive processes,
the detection of antibodies -precipitins to the cytoplasmic antigens may testify to the
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