factor that causes the appearance of acne in children immediately after birth. This form
of acne does not require treatment, because hormones are rapidly removed from the
body of the baby, and the condition of the skin itself is restored [17, 22].
Marked sexual features of acne:
• In adolescent boys, acne is more difficult than in girls. Scientists assume that it
depends on the peak oscillations of androgens, in particular testosterone.
• Women over the age of 20 suffer from acne to a greater extent, and the
exacerbation of this condition occurs before menstruation, as the concentration of
progesterone increases. This hormone has an androgenic effect.
• At the age of 45 years, acne occurs only in women. This is a period when the
body is preparing to stop menstruation (premenopausal), so the levels of sex hormones
fluctuate in chaotic order [10, 24].
There is no accurate statistics of the morbidity of the Ukrainian population. The
impact of acne on the quality of life of patients includes physical, emotional and social
components. It should be noted that this process, as a rule, comes at the puberty period,
characterized by the greatest emotional instability. And given that rash is mainly
located on open areas of the skin, their appearance is perceived as a great annoyance
of life and greatly affects the social adaptation of a young person, often accompanied
by depression and even suicidal intentions. The pathogenetic factors of the
development of acne include pathological follicular hyperkeratosis, excessive
formation of sebaceous glands, Cutibacterium acnes, and myocardial infarction. The
nature and volume of secretion of the sebaceous glands, the severity of hyperkeratosis
are controlled by androgens. The disease is usually associated with hyperandrogenism.
This is due not only to increased biosynthesis and secretion of androgens in the glands,
but also to the lower concentration of testosterone-stroiodol-binding globulin in blood
plasma, formation of 5-alpha-dehydrotestosterone in tissues and other biologically
active metabolites of testosterone, increased sensitivity of receptors in reactive cells
with subsequent change in the intracellular dynamics of hormones, and inhibition of
withdrawal of androgens from the body. Studies in the Institute of Dermatology and
Venereology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine about the level of sex
hormones showed that some or other endocrine abnormalities in patients with acne,
which predetermine absolute or relative hyperandrogenism, were observed in 89 % of
patients with acne of moderate severity and in virtually all patients with severe form of
acne [4, 10, 15].
Significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease belongs to Cutibacterium acnes,
which:
•
Carry out hydrolysis of sebum, which has an infectious action of fatty acids;
•
Synthesize various chemoattractants, which easily penetrate the wall of a
healthy follicle, form around it infiltrate and draw leukocytes. Leukocytes, in turn, in
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