derivatives. Antibacterial drugs destroy not only pathogenic microorganisms, but also
those that recover on the skin for its recovery [7].
Drugs for acne treatment. Therapeutic methods for fighting acne are to treat
affected areas, prevent complications (scarring, dyshhromias), and stop the emergence
of new lesions. Treatment of acne is determined by the severity of the pathological
process and the nature of its course. Topic therapy is the standard of treatment for acne
and is prescribed to patients regardless of the severity of the disease. External treatment
includes the use of retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, topical antibiotics, combination drugs,
azelaic acid.
In 2002, recommendations and algorithms for the treatment of various forms of
acne (XX World Congress on Dermatology, Paris, 2002) were developed, in which the
drugs of the first choice of a physician in treating acne are local retinoids [16].
Topic retinoids affect the keratinization (keratinization and desquamation),
reduce salivation, enhance the proliferation of epithelial cells and have a certain anti-
inflammatory effect. The most promising is adapalene, which is well tolerated, has no
photosensitizing effect, is characterized by high efficiency [21].
Benzoyl peroxide is a powerful oxidizer, derived from chlorhydroxyquinoline, a
byproduct of coal tar. It consists of white agglomerates of crystals, soluble in organic
solvents and insoluble in water. Benzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with antibacterial,
irritant, keratolytic, comedilithic and anti-inflammatory action. When used locally,
benzoyl peroxide is decomposed with the release of oxygen, which is detrimental to
bacteria Cutibacterium acnes. Due to its irritating effect, benzoyl peroxide increases
the speed of epithelial cells, thereby exfoliate the skin and helps dissolve comedones.
Benzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne. Benzoyl peroxide is toxic to bacteria
Cutibacterium acnes, Cutibacterium capitis, Cutibacterium avidum, Cutibacterium
granulosum, Staphylococcus epidermus and Staphylococcus hominis, and also the
yeast Pityrosporum ovale [13].
Benzoyl peroxide is also considered effective in the treatment of acne due to its
anti-inflammatory properties. Allocated reactive species of oxygen are destroyed
Cutibacterium acnes, but they can also cause damage to surrounding cells [23].
Benzoyl peroxide inhibits the release of reactive oxygen species from human
polymorphic leukocytes, depending on the dose. This study showed that inhibition is
due to benzoyl peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. Due to this toxic effect on neutrophils
in the pilosebite follicles, benzoyl peroxide prevents the release of signals that increase
inflammation. In this regard, benzoyl peroxide can indirectly prevent inflammation of
the tissues [13].
Benzoyl peroxide is also an effective comedolytic and keratolytic agent. In
experimental models, benzoyl peroxide is able to reduce the size of comedones to
50 %. In addition, it was found that 5 % benzoyl peroxide increases the incidence of
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