cause changes in the distribution of the intensity of correct reflection and therefore do
not lead to the lines' expansion.
It is known [18], that in the process of shape change in order to manufacture
details or semi-finished parts, the entire volume of the material or its surface, layers
can be influenced by external forces. These actions are accompanied by plastic
deformation, which leads to a significant increase in the density of defects, such as
dislocations, package faults, vacancies, inter-knot atoms, etc. Any defect can cause
displacement of atoms from the lattice knots and the change of scattering ability of the
n-th atom, leading to the weakening of the integrated intensity and the shift of reflexes.
On the other hand, reducing the intensity of diffraction lines is explained by the
fact that the increased concentration of filler increases the number of metal particles
that undergo X-ray action.
Table 2 shows that the increase of the fillers concentration leads to the decrease
of the shortest interatomic distance, accompanied by the
growth in the average size of crystallites, which
indicates a specific effect of copper structure on
phenylone. As it is shown in [16], introducing
surfactants into the polymer does not directly result in
creating new crystallization centers but simply increases
the efficiency of the existing ones by reducing the
surface tension on the crystal - melt boundary.
As for the influence of other dispersed metal fillers
on phenylone structure, the situation does not
significantly change (see Fig. 5). Metal-containing
polymers filled with Ti show three intense peak points
characteristic for the hexagonal crystal system which
titanium belongs to, others show two intense peak
points, like MP filled with copper.
Metal fillers lead to an increase in the average size
of crystallites with simultaneous reduction of the
shortest interatomic distance (see Table 3), with the
biggest influence of carbonyl nickel, which is
conditioned by its structure [19], while the smallest
influence is that of aluminum.
X-ray degree of crystallinity correlates with particle
size (r, μm) of the filler, which is conditioned by two
factors. On the one hand, the decrease of particle size
leads to the increase of the number of MPs in volume and
as a result, in the area of monochronometer crack. On the
Figure 5. X-ray
diffraction graphs of
phenylone (a) and metal
polymers containing
15 wt %: (b) – Ti, (c) –
Bronze, (d) – Al, (i) – Ni,
(f) – Cu, as fillers
- 1621 -