Table 1 The nature of the technological operations (TO) and equipment for their
implementation in the technologies for manufacturing steel products hardened by
cold deformation
№
Nature of the TO
Necessary equipment
1
Active cold deformation of the billet
1.1. For the deformation scheme of a single type –
devices for: uniaxial tension, drawing, rolling, all-
round uniform unequal compression.
1.2. With the use of sequentially different
deformation schemes: packaged unit devices, which
perform deformation according to the above
schemes, except for the uniform compression.
2
Active cold deformation to
manufacture a product of a given
geometry
A suitable deforming device
3
Alloying of the object with the non-
equilibrium concentration of
vacancies
Low-frequency coil; water quench.
The device of cyclic reverse bending,
The same – of torsion
The same – of vibration
3a After the active cold deformation
3b During the active cold deformation
Vibratory die for drawing, vibratory rolls for rolling.
Generation of tensile-and-compression deformations
in the deformation zone during rolling
4
Refining of the matrix grain
and alloying of the object with the
non-equilibrium concentration of
vacancies prior to the start of the
active cold deformation
Packaged deforming device as defined in the item
1.2
Low-frequency coil
Rotating quench
5
Obtaining of a specific dislocation
structure and microstructure by the
active cold deformation of ultra fine-
grained steel under the conditions of
high non-equilibrium concentration
of vacancies
Deforming devices as defined in the items 1.1 or 1.2
Variant ІV:
has a fundamental difference from the previously considered variants І, ІІ and ІІІ
due to the inclusion of the technological operation of heat treatment of the billet by
vacancy hardening with the simultaneous obtaining of substantial grain refinement and
non-equilibrium concentration of vacancies: 1) acceptance testing of the billet; 2)
active cold deformation by the TO type 2) in variant II with a greater total degree of
deformation; 3) high-speed heating in a low-frequency coil to temperatures of
650…700
0
С (high-speed recrystallization) without equalizing at the indicated
temperatures; 4) high-speed cooling in a rotating quench for fixing the fine grain of the
matrix (obtained at the high-speed recrystallization of steel deformed with a higher
degree of cold deformation (not less than 70%) (grain size up to 9-10 grades) and the
necessary non-equilibrium concentration of vacancies (see above); 5) active cold
deformation of the billet according to a single scheme with a degree of deformation of
- 1694 -