Stating of the problem. The most widespread reasons of fires in Ukraine,
according to the data of registration of the Statistical accounts cards of the State Service
on emergency situations (SSES) [3], are uncareful treatment of the fire, breaking the
rules of assembling and exploitation of electrical equipment, breaking the rules of
assembling and exploitation of heaters and so on. At the wine-making enterprises of
food industry the causes of origin of the fire can be highly inflammable combustible
liquids, spirit and petrol that can create gas mixtures with air in case of breaking sealing
of the apparatuses and pipelines; breaking of the rules of exploitation and repair of the
equipment. And although part of the origin of fires in industry is rather insignificant –
up to 5 %, the amount of the consequences are significant.
At the enterprises of wine-making industry the causes of the fires can be: spark-
forming of the mechanical origin, which appears during blows of metallic parts of the
equipment (fans and so on); hits of the metallic objects into crushers and other
technological equipment, falling of an instrument onto the metallic surface or concrete
floor; open fire of the technological equipment (furnace), blowlamps, places of burning
the wastes, matches and non-extinguished cigarettes, electric welding works, thermal
display of electric current, sparks or arcs of short circuit; discharges of static and
atmospheric electricity; overheating of bearings during incorrect application of
lubricating material, their fault, wear out or contamination; careless treatment of
greased rags.
During the last years SSES [3] registered the following fires at the enterprises of
wine-making industry:
In 2009 – at Artemivskiy plant of champagne liquors (the cause was fault of
electric wiring in domestic premises).
In 2015 at Shabo wine-making enterprise (the cause was burning of fuel oil in a
boiler room).
Consequently, the risk of fires at the enterprises of the industry is estimated as
1×10
-3
. The "Concept of Risk Management for Man-made and Natural Emergencies"
aproved in 2014 [4] sets normative levels of risk. The minimum risk should be at or
less than 1 × 10
-8
, and the maximum allowable is 1×10
-5
. In other states [5] the
normative levels of fire risk are within 1×10
-8
- 1×10
-4
.
In the article N 8 of the Ukrainian Law it has been stated that enterprises are liable
to the compulsory attestation to meet the requirements, that were stated by currently in
force legislative statements of Ukraine concerning providing of life and health of
people, protection of the environment, a full technological cycle which should meet
both sanitary and especially fire-fighting norms and rules as well as ecological ones.
Nowadays the process of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation accordingly European
standards in all fields, takes place.
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