One of the main dangerous substances at the enterprises of the wine-making field
is ethyl alcohol. Depending on alcohol content, soft grapes wines (which don’t contain
the excess amount of carbon dioxide) are divided into table wines and fortified wines.
In table wines, volume part of ethyl alcohol is 9-14 %, in fortified wines – 12-20 %, in
champagne and sparkling wines (which contain the excess amount of carbon dioxide)
– 10,0-13,5 % [6-9]. According to its characteristics alcohol has unlimited ability to
melt in water, mix with benzol, glycerine, acetic acid, diethyl ether, choroform, etc.
[10]. The temperature of blaze of alcohol-containing liquids is not very high. For
example, sweet wine with alcohol content of 16 % blaze up under the temperature of
57 C, the wine of Port type with alcohol content of 19 % under the temperature of 52 C.
Do, the issues of fire and explosion danger are top priority tasks for enterprises of the
wine-making field literature review.
Fire safety of the object is such a condition, in which the probability of origin and
development of the fire and influence of the dangerous factors on people is excluded
with regulated opportunity and defence of material values is provided.
General requirements of fire safety are included in the Code of Civil Defence of
Ukraine [11] and NDFS (normative document on Fire, Safety) A.01-001-2015
Regulations of fire safety in Ukraine [12]. Directly for wine-making field requirements
are stated by NDFS 8.03.003-2008 [9].
The main part. The peculiarities of providing the fire safety are based on
fulfilling the following demands by the enterprises and planning organization
according to [13].
The territories of wine-making enterprises must defend themselves with the fence
of non-flammable materials not less than 2 meters high. The distance from the
buildings and constructions to the fence must be not less than 5 meters.
Open alcohol storehouses (reservoirs), which are located on the certain areas of
enterprises, are defended with a metallic gauze not less than 2 meters high.
The store houses of alcohol shouldn’t be located from the windy side of the winds
of outbalancing direction concerning production constructions and buildings,
according to the data of many years’ observations (according to yearly wind-rose).
A safe approach from all sides must be provided to storehouses with reservoirs
and ground reservoirs with nominal capacity over 600 m
3
of alcohol.
During planting of greenery on the areas, free from constructions, in the zone of
locating alcohol – storehouses of A and B categories, it’s not allowed to plant the trees
and bushes of coniferous kind as well as plants, the seeds of which (down, flakes, fibre
substances) are carried by the wind).
Ladders to pouring – in and pouring – out extensions are made of inflammable
materials of width not less than 70 cm and slope incline, not less than 45.
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