of environmental costs in GDP, the formation and change of which occurs under the
influence of many factors, such as: science and technology progress in all areas of the
world population growth, the conditions for income growth, migration, inflation,
investment in the country, foreign policy and relations, functions of the global
monetary system and so on.
Assessing the welfare level achieved by countries provides an opportunity for
them to be ranked in accordance with the achieved level of values of the relevant
criteria and indicators. The Human Development Index is an integral indicator that has
been created to study the development of human potential of countries. This index is a
standard indicator of comparing the standard of living of citizens from different
countries and regions published annually by the United Nations Development Program.
The authors analyzed 187 countries that are members of the UN, as well as Hong
Kong, the Special Administrative District of China and the Occupied Palestinian
Territories. The basis of the index is three indicators: the average life expectancy in the
country, the level of education of the adult population, and the rate of those who receive
education in primary, secondary and higher educational institutions, as well as the gross
domestic product of the country [22].
The United Nations Multilevel Human Development Indicator System, which has
been created, covers almost all essential aspects of life and provides an opportunity to
monitor changes in human development. Within the framework of the study, the
emphasis was placed on the 30 states that were grouped into classes from "a country
with a very high level of human development" to "a low-income country".
To countries with a very high level of human development, the United Nations
relates [23]: Norway, Germany, the USA, Canada, Japan, France, Italy, Poland and
other countries; Countries with a high level of human development - Belarus, Russia,
Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, Turkey, Brazil, Ukraine, China, etc.; Countries of the middle
level of human development - Moldova, Egypt, Uzbekistan, Iraq, India, Congo and
others; Pakistan, Madagascar, Mauritania, Afghanistan, Guinea, Chad, Central African
Republic, Niger are among the countries with a low level of human development (Table
1).
The dynamics of national achievements in the development of the Human
Development Index (HDI) in 2016 reflects progress in this area: most countries of the
world have continued to converge towards a higher level of human development. At
the same time, the pace of progress with regard to HDI was higher in countries with
high and average levels of human development. In 2016, Ukraine ranked 81st in the
country's ranking of the Human Development Index, yielding to Brazil and ahead of
China, rising to 2 positions - from 83 in 2015. This indicator belongs to the category
of high level of development. Ukraine's HDI in 2016 amounted to 0.747 points, which
puts it in the second group of general rating.
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