ramified networks of enterprises working in cooperation with each other, such entities
provide synergistic and multiplicative effects. Cluster inter-economic systems can
constitute a new vector of quality of economic growth in the industrially developed
Ukrainian regions with a high concentration of manufacturing industries. As the
experience of developed countries shows, it is within the frameworks of clusters the
tasks related to ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises are better handled. For
example, such as R & D on the creation of new technological platforms and their
industrial development. The cluster approach fundamentally changes the content of
regional industrial policy, since the efforts of the authorities are directed not at
supporting individual enterprises and industries, but at developing a system of
relationships between economic entities and state institutions. In practical terms, this
approach is important, first of all, by the fact that it makes it possible to form and
implement large-scale interbranch and interregional investment, and innovation
projects of national importance [3].
On the whole, there are three most popular in theory and in practice definitions of
the category "cluster", each of which emphasizes the main feature of their functioning:
-
regionally limited forms of economic activity within related sectors, which
are, of course, tied to certain scientific institutions (research institutes, universities);
-
vertical production chains, narrowly defined sectors in which the adjacent
steps of the production process form the core of the cluster (for example, the chain
"supplier-producer-implementer-client"). In the same category, networks are created
around the parent firms;
-
branches of industries which identified at a high level of aggregation (e.g., a
"chemical cluster") or a set of sectors at an even higher aggregation level (for example,
an "agro-industrial cluster") [1].
In the modern vision and key provisions of regional management, the essence of
development processes, system activation, specialization, cooperation is the formation
of dynamic changes in the latest formats and management technologies. This is
primarily the evolution of organizational forms, the involvement of cluster formation
processes - the need to establish relationships and dependencies between the elements
of the regional reproduction system, ensuring the active development of the local
economy and the growth of the humans’ well-being.
From the viewpoint of a system approach, a cluster is a set of economic entities
of different interconnected industries, united in a single organizational structure, where
the elements are interrelated and interdependent, and operate together for a specific
purpose. The formation of effective technological chains from several independent
economic entities is a strategic exercise that requires certain long-term investments in
their implementation and is possible only through their self-organization as a result of
the interaction of the prerequisites that have developed both inside and outside of these
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