potential systems. Such interaction has to lead to the additional benefits for each of the
subjects, create a specific incentive to form a unified system of functioning, to ensure
an integrated system [4].
Unlike conventional forms of cooperation and coordination of subjects, cluster
systems are characterized by the following features: the presence of enterprise leaders,
which determine the long-term economic, innovation and other strategy of the entire
system; territorial localization of the central mass of financial entities - participants in
the cluster system; firmness of cooperative ties of economic entities; long-term
coordination of participants interaction of the system within the framework of strategic
goals.
We also emphasize the position that a cluster is also a social form of interaction,
a category reflecting the process of collective labour. It is created in the community of
people or organizations with common economic and social interests. At the same time,
the regions in which the clusters are located become leaders of economic development,
attracting innovations and investments. They determine the competitiveness of the
national economy. Regions, where there are no clusters, have a worse economic
position, and in most cases become depressed areas [4].
The study on indicators of patterns of clusters makes it possible to single out their
managerial orientation in stimulating the regions that determine the prospects for the
implementation of strategies, projects for the development of national, regional and
interregional systems (Table 1).
Table 1 Possibilities of clusters in stimulating the regions' development [5]
Classification
feature
Content
1. Opportunities
for business
environment
development
high coherence with the very nature of competition and the sources of
achieving competitive advantages;
effective maintenance of inter-industry relations;
the possibility of applying internal specialization and standardization,
increasing of labour productivity;
the possibility of a productive exchange of ideas and experience between
specialists, and consequently the formation of a competitive environment;
the possibility of forming industrial associations that can employ the
population of the region, the development of infrastructure, etc.;
implementation of a non-commercial partnership;
unified requirements for products and services within the cluster;
creation of a positive reputation of the group for its participants, a collective
brand and a typical distribution network;
2. Advantages
and opportunities
for the regional
economy
the level of employment is increasing;
unemployment benefits from local budgets are reduced;
related sectors in the economy and services are developing;
traditional forms are being improved, and new ones of state administration
are emerging;
a transition is made from direct intervention by the authorities to
management through indirect incentives;
unemployment is decreasing;
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