implemented not even by the bank, but a huge competitor of the banking retail business
– Ukrposhta (One of the largest postal services in Ukraine);
• crowdsourcing lending to small and medium-sized businesses - issuing credits
to small businesses that are customers of one banks, at the expense of individuals who
are customers of other banks (while there is no customer base transfer between the
banks);
• currency exchangers crowdsourcing - automated negotiation about exchange
rate between exchangers located in the proximity to the client to obtain an individual
exchange condition.
The "digital" bank has a minimal functionality: payments, currency exchange,
capital management services, while not having its own automated banking system.
With other companies it interacts through the API, may not have its own license, using
the license of the bank sponsor or limited license from MasterCard / Visa, using the
"cloud" data sources and modern channels of communication (mobile applications,
social networks, instant messengers, chat bots). There are no branches in such a bank.
This trend has gained widespread popularity in the UK and Germany (Bank
Number26, Tandem, Mondo, Fidor). In Russia, it is represented by the "Tinkoff" bank.
In terms of technology, bank-2-bank is a platform based on which new products
are created, like from cubes [294]. The second model of bank-2-bank is only gaining
momentum, but, in our opinion, it is it is more viable. Unlike the fully "digital" bank,
it does not enter into direct competition with the model of traditional banks, but
harmoniously complements it. Bank-2-bank platform gives symbiosis by opening new
sales channels to traditional banks and giving their customers access to the best
products on the market. Selection of the best offers occurs through the mechanism of
the marketplaces, products are standardized and gain additional value, passing through
the "data factory" platform. This way has already gone some completely "digital"
banks. For example, the German Fidor separated itself from the FidorOs banking
platform. Vendors do not lag behind: Sopra develops the industry of bank as a platform,
and also there are startup-marketplaces, such as BankEx.
Traditional banks, depending on their resources and goals, will choose for
themselves a combination of these two scenarios. The indicative strategy of the
"Tinkoff" bank, which is reforming the digital-bank into a hybrid model, plans to invest
up to $ 200 million into the model of "financial supermarket," a digital bank that sells
its services on the bank-2-bank-market.
If to look at the banks from the view of using Blockchain technology or distributed
registry, then it is possible to see that the traditional bank continues to function
according to the conservative model of the centralized registry. And even "digital"
banks are not so far away from them and often work on the model of centralized data
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