-central (at the level of the national economy).
The researcher characterizes the central innovation strategy as a method of
promoting the development of the economy, when the external conditions of the
functioning of economic entities have such an effect that enables to accelerate technical
development and increase the level of economic efficiency. The purpose of the central
innovation strategy is to create conditions for sustainable economic growth, the output
of innovative products on the domestic and foreign markets, the replacement of
imported products in the domestic market at the expense of high technological level
and competitiveness of production.
According to the purpose the following innovative strategies are distinguished:
- the strategy of "build-up", which is based on the use of its own scientific and
technological and production-technological potential. In the process of using scientific
results and production potential in the industry, high technologies are being developed
and the production of competitive products is growing;
- the strategy of "borrowing" is that, using the innovative potential of its own
country, the release of high-tech products from highly developed countries of the world
is being mastered. Production grows with the simultaneous development of scientific
and technical and industrial potential, which is capable of independently conducting
work throughout the innovation cycle;
- the strategy of "transfer", which is use foreign scientific and technical and
production potential in the state economy by way of attraction of direct foreign
investments and transfer of the latest technologies.
The choice of the type of innovation strategy depends on many factors: goals,
resources, external and internal environment, etc. [3, p.136-137].
Problems of economic growth, increase of competitiveness in the conditions of
information and technological revolution need to be solved with the help of effective
innovative strategies. High quality of life, national security, environmental protection,
high scientific and technical level of developed countries of the world are achieved
through a consistent innovation strategy [3, p.141].
The development of innovation activity is not influenced by either the type of
state or political regimes. Thus, innovation activity is developing successfully in
federal states (USA, Germany) and in unitary (France), and under constitutional
monarchy (Great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain), as well as in the communist regime
of China [4].
Between the growth of the economy and the introduction of technology has
always been a direct interconnection. Looking at the Global Innovation Index of 2018,
we see that in the top five countries we are accustomed to call developed: Switzerland,
the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Singapore. Ukraine in this ranking
ranks 43rd out of a list of 126 countries [5].
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