The terms homeschooling (home school, home education, or home learning) are
used to describe teaching children at home, mainly by parents. Considering the
experience of home-schooling in the world, the following tendencies can be observed:
home education is gaining in popularity in the US, Canada, Europe, Russia, Ukraine.
There were only 345 thousand children who received education on an individual basis
worldwide in 1994, while in 2001 and 2005 their number accounted for one million
and five million respectively [19].
There are many philosophies, techniques, and learning styles in homeschooling.
However, within this research, only the most widespread ones will be focused on:
1.
A home school is based on a traditional or structured approach. In any case,
philosophy of home school is close to the traditional school: school textbooks are used,
there are homework and attestation, which means that in education the family follows
the established school curriculum.
2.
The system of distance education is rather vividly used by institutions of
higher education, in open education, and also during periods of forced quarantine.
3.
Umbrella schools are created by public or private schools; they are alternative
programs that help homeschool-families to comply with educational standards set by
the state.
4.
Classical education is based on the traditional for the Western culture
philosophy of education and involves the teaching of the trivium (grammar, logic,
rhetoric) and quadrium (astronomy, algebra, geometry, music) at the next level.
5.
Education based on the methods of Mason, Montesori, and Waldorf [1] is very
common today, and it is possible to write separate scientific works about these
methods. To make a long story short the Charlotte's Mason method is somewhere
between the classical education and unschooling. Maria Montesori's method is based
on observing the child and creating a developing environment; the motto of the method
is "self-education, self-training, self-development". Education by Waldorf focuses on
the spiritual needs of every age group; it is based on the principle that says: "The
teacher is more important than the subject that he teaches"; also, it relies on the
traditions of oral folk art and artistic and aesthetic education.
6.
Unit study is such an approach to learning, when the study of most subjects is
based around one topic. Unit study easily adjusts to different levels of children's
education and allows children of all ages to be taught simultaneously, which is
especially relevant when there are several different age children in the family.
7.
The school in the box supposes the purchase (development) of textbooks,
workbooks, instructions, chrestomathies, sets for drawing, needlework and conducting
experiments by parents.
We emphasize that the family form of education and homeschooling are different
concepts. Homeschooling is just a form of family education, which in its essence is a
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