In accordance with the purpose, which is implemented, innovations can be classified
by the type of the resulting effect (Fig. 7).
Figure 7. Classification of innovations by the resulting effect
The classification of innovations considered by the authors represents only some
directions of grouping innovations by certain features. Nowadays there is a vast
majotiry of approaches but they are less used in the hotel industry.
Innovations provide the possibility of strategic needs realization in perspective.
The purpose of such a strategy is to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise.
Therefore, scientists try to develop a single classification of innovations, which would
include the possibility of taking into account three basic characteristics:
− target (What is the purpose of innovation?);
− external (What is the form of implementation of the innovation?)
− structural − production, social sphere, management (Where can innovation be
applied?).
A target characteristic gives an answer to the question of what is the purpose of
innovation: the solution of current tasks or future ones. The urgent need for innovation
is considered by the existence of a crisis of management and the need of this crisis
elimination with the help of innovation.
Innovations are related by the nature and methods of managing the sphere of
economic activity: science, production, investment, product sales. In addition, they
define the essence and specificity of innovation processes and, accordingly, the
peculiarities of their management. In the process of creating an organizational and
economic management mechanism, it is necessary to account for the number and
features of the innovations that make up these processes. Therefore, the classification
of innovations is an important stage in their analysis. The need for systematization
determines the complex nature of innovation, their multifaceted nature, the diversity of
spheres and methods of use. The questions of their typology are very important both
for theory and for practice. Classification of innovations by different groups not only
specifies the structure of the object, but also reveals problematic connections in it.
Recently, a tendency towards a comprehensive consideration of the classification
of innovations has been reflected. Scientists are trying to systematize the existing
INNOVATIONS that provide different effects
scientific-
technological
economic
ecological
social
integral
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