Migration of individuals and entire societies is the most important characteristic of the
development of civilization. They form a new quality and a new look of the old human
societies, create new ones. In the processes of creating, destroying and transforming
states, the migration of the population has always played an important role. Migration,
on the one hand, has a rather positive effect on the economy: it leads to the transfer of
knowledge and competences, which, in turn, simplifies international trade, technology
advancement, removes obstacles to economic development. However, on the other
hand, according to information from the Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine, about
60% of people leaving the border are citizens who are under 35 years old, which poses
a threat to the gene pool of the country, promotes the aging of the nation. Among them,
up to 50% are people with higher education [8]. Young people are forced to leave
Ukraine, first of all, because of their weak professional orientation. When joining an
institution of higher education, attention is drawn to the prestige of a specialty, and not
to the prospect of employment. This leads to fierce competition among young
professionals in the labor market. Much of the unemployed youth tends to get jobs in
their profile, which leads to migration. In addition, employers themselves are not
interested in hiring graduates due to lack of experience. Also, the activities of most
companies are aimed at self-preservation and survival, rather than the expansion of
production, the attraction of new personnel. At the same time, teaching young people
abroad with a prospect of employment is attractive and due to high salary. Young
people do not see the prospects of self-realization in Ukraine, are interested in higher
working conditions and salaries. All this makes young Ukrainians look for a decent
alternative abroad.
Current migration is characterized by certain trends, primarily - increasing in the
volume and expansion of the geography of migration. In addition, it is necessary to
note the emergence of new types of migration-highly qualified migration, migration of
low-skilled personnel, illegal migration, and the expansion of forced migration. It is
important to note the significant feminization of migration, since about 47.5% of
modern migrants are women. This trend determines the impact of migration as an
essential factor of social change in the world. These trends illustrate the complexity of
the migration process, as well as conflicts at the international level. Depending on the
demographic situation and the demands of their economies, national governments
encourage or restrict the arrival of foreigners. Thus, one of the modern problems of
migration is the duality of migration policy. At the same time, we emphasize that in
general, a more strict and strictly regulated migration policy is applied to international
migrants, which is a system of special measures, legislative acts and international
agreements on the regulation of migration processes, pursuing economic,
demographic, geopolitical, etc. goals [3]. At the present stage of development, three
levels of migration policy can be distinguished: international, regional and national (at
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