This situation leads to economic losses - these are social payments and unearned income,
each week these losses exceed 3 billion euros [4].
The problems of the labor market in the EU countries began to become acute in
connection with the globalization of the world economy, the change in the structure of
the pan-European labor market. The single European labor market since January 1,
2011, has become equally accessible to all EU residents. Despite the officially
proclaimed "freedom of movement of labor", some countries of the Old World still
contain artificial barriers to the influx of migrant workers from a new Europe. It should
be noted that European countries regulate their labor markets mainly through labor
migrants. Each country has its own instruments for regulating social and labor
relations. In Austria and Germany, migrants from other EU countries require a special
work permit. In Belgium, the labor market is open, but only in industries, there is a
shortage of personnel (the list of professions in each region is approved separately).
The same principles apply in France (vacancies are available for foreigners in the areas
of construction, agriculture, catering, metalworking, trade, healthcare) [3]. In
Germany, citizens of the new EU countries are allowed to work only on the basis of
bilateral agreements (seasonal work, call specialists), especially the big demand for
electrical engineers and specialists in mechanical engineering and automotive industry.
At one time, the overall strategy for combating unemployment within the EU was
formulated by the European Employment Strategy adopted in 1997 and the "Youth in
Action" program, adopted in 2010. The European employment strategy was based on
the following main areas - adaptation, entrepreneurship, employment opportunities and
equal opportunities. The "Youth in Action" program provided for the creation of
additional opportunities for moving students to different EU countries in search of a
job or place at the university, additional opportunities for cooperation with European
state employment centers, creation of small business, creation of a European
mechanism for student loans [12]. However, the European Employment Strategy failed
to ensure a significant reduction in youth unemployment in a number of countries, and
therefore it was decided to create a special fund and the allocation of 5 billion euros to
combat youth unemployment in 2014-2020. Funds will mainly go to the funding of the
internship program, training and retraining [8]. For example: in France, since 2013,
there is the "Generation Contract". It provides annual assistance of 4,000 Euros for 3
years for enterprises employing fewer than 300 workers (representing 99.5% of the
total number of French enterprises and employing 56% of the French) employing
young workers aged 15-25 (disabled people aged up to 30) and preservation of
workplaces for the elderly (over 57). Putting into operation a generation contract will
cost the French state 920 million euros per year. By the end of 2017, the government
is waiting for the signing of 500 thousand similar contracts of the generation [4].
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