Breed
Country
Year
Milk per
cow in
305 days
(kg)
Percent
fat
content
(%)
Percent
protein
content
(%)
Calving
interval
(days)
France
2017
7090
3.86
3.45
399
Norwegian
Red
Norway
2015
7370
4,30
3,47
381
Swedish Red
Sweden
2015
9014
4,36
3,57
393
Jersey
USA
2015
8138
4,81
3,65
...
Finland
2017
8076
5.24
3.84
405
Canada
2016
6883
5.01
3.81
...
Japan
2016
6499
4.96
3.95
417
Pinzgauer
Switzerland
2016
5897
3.9
3.32
...
Austria
2017
5736
3.87
3.27
...
* Holstein Black and White
Source: www.icar.org
Among other breeds, which cow' productivity approachs the animals Holstein
breed, Ayrshire, Swedish red (up to 9,0 thousand kg); Shvitska, Monbielard,
Simmental, Norwegian Red, Jersey (7.0-8.0 thousand kg) are next. A number of breeds
are distinguished by qualitative features of dairy productivity. For example, the fat
content in milk of cows of the Jersey breed of American breeding is 4.81%. The milk
productivity of these breeds is lower than Holstein dairy cows. But they have
significant benefits in functional traits such as high reproductive capacity, extended
duration of economic use, high payment of feed by the resulting products, which
increases their competitiveness to the level of animals of the Holstein breed.
In Ukraine, the highest milk productivity is Fleckvieh (8389 kg), Holstein (8071
kg), Ukrainian Black and White Dairy (6743 kg) and Ukrainian Red and White Dairy
(6626 kg). Currently, in 348 breeding herds, 128.2 thousand cows are kept, which is
one third less than 10 years ago (Table 2). The most numerous is the Ukrainian Black
and White Dairy - 68,200 purebred cows, or 53,2% in the structure of dairy cattle
breeding herds. The share of Ukrainian Red and White Dairy is 19.8%, Holstein -
14.4%.
It should be noted the extremely insufficient number of cows of the active part of
the livestock (breeding stock-rearing farms that are certified as subjects of the tribal
affairs and conduct breeding records) - 26.5% of the number of cows kept in
agricultural enterprises, and 6.1% - at farms all categories. For example, in Israel (the
world leader in the cows’ milk productivity in level about 12 thousand kg per cow) it
is more than 90%. In other countries with a developed dairy industry, this figure is at
90% - in Denmark [6], 86% in Sweden [7], and 70% in Canada [8]. The low proportion
of the recorded dairy livestock in Ukraine greatly complicates the process of improving
high-yielding herds.
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