Table 2 The structure of the dairy cattle breeding stock in Ukraine,
at the beginning of the year
Breed
Number of recorded herds
Number of recorded cows
2007
2012
2017
2007
2012
2017
Ukrainian Black and White Dairy
349
221
180
91546
75535
68181
Ukrainian Red and White Dairy
152
107
75
37905
31920
25340
Ukrainian Red Dairy
44
29
19
13348
9309
6489
Holstein
35
27
33
10504
14211
18467
Fleckvieh
56
28
21
9372
5181
4916
Red Steppe
38
18
6
8832
4135
1642
Lebedynska
8
6
3
1433
1122
713
Ukrainian Brown Dairy
7
4
2
1008
479
170
Brown Carpathian
10
2
-
863
146
-
Polish Red
5
3
1
662
509
136
Angler
3
3
3
352
333
251
Ayrshire
2
2
2
322
513
523
Ukrainian Whiteheaded
1
1
1
160
320
300
Braunvieh
1
1
2
128
100
1101
Pinzgauer
2
-
-
60
-
-
Total
713
452
348
176495
143813
128229
Source: The State Register of pedigree animal husbandry
Over the past ten years, the number of breeding stock-rearing farms in Ukraine
has doubled. Among them there was a tendency for livestock consolidation. Average
number of cows in herds the breeding stock-rearing farms was: in 2006 - 248 heads, in
2011 - 318, in 2016 - 368 (Table 2). In 2006-2016, as a result of ongoing concentrations
of livestock, the average size of a purebred dairy herd increased almost one and a half
times, which, due to the scale effect, made it possible for enterprises to reduce
production costs per unit.
The average milk yield of purebred cows in industrial enterprises increased from
4606 kg in 2006 to 6789 kg in 2016, or almost one and a half times (Table 3). Due to
the effect of the factor of natural biological antagonism on the milk productivity and
reproductive capacity of cows, the raising of productivity with an increase in the
heredity of the Holstein breed has led to a decrease in the calving output of 100 cows,
and a decrease in the length of the commercial use of cows. This trend is also
characteristic of all newly created dairy breeds. In particular, from Ukrainian Black
and White Dairy cows the calving output per 100 cows decreased from 82.8 heads in
2006 to 76.8 in 2016; Ukrainian Red and White Dairy respectively from 82.2 to 79.2
calves; Ukrainian Red Dairy, where the proportion of the heredity of the Holstein breed
is slightly lower than the first two, the calving rate dropped at a lower pace.
According to the results of dairy cattle recording, among the domestic breeds the
highest milk productivity were in the
Ukrainian Black and White Dairy cows - 6613
- 488 -