Year
Number
of herds
Number of
cows
Productivity (for 305 days last completed lactation)
milk
per cow
(kg)
percent content (kg)
percent content (%)
fat
protein
fat
protein
Ukrainian Red and White Dairy
2016
19
5117
5963
230,99
196,17
3,87
3,29
2015
19
4924
5778
225,27
188,65
3,90
3,26
2014
19
4688
5981
232,36
193,88
3,88
3,24
2013
22
4902
5837
225,15
189,21
3,86
3,24
2012
29
6641
5381
207,17
172,50
3,85
3,21
2011
29
7199
5073
194,04
161,49
3,82
3,18
2010
35
8362
4811
186,09
157,02
3,87
3,26
Source: author calculations on the basis of data from the The State Register of pedigree animal
husbandry
Improving the efficiency of milk production through the formation of highly
productive dairy herds. The results of the research of many scientists confirm that the
improving in intensive dairy cattle breeding includs choice the optimum time of heifers
insemination increase the first-calf heifer productivity. Therefore, the purposes of
effective management in dairy industry are the observance of the optimal parameters
of the directed growth of repair heifers becomes significant.
Analysis of the form â„–7-mol "Report on the results of dairy cattle recording" for
2016 in breeding stock-rearing farms Ukraine has shown that the current level of
rearing heifers is not sufficient (Table 5). The average level of live weight of heifers in
the studied herds exceeds the minimum requirements of the Ukrainian approved
standard of breeding dairy cattle, which is the result of the directed growth of 65.4%
of the heifers. One third of the animals are not potentially able to achieve a high level
of productivity, economic losses can reach 10% of net income from the sale of milk.
In the breeding herds of cattle of the most numerous Ukrainian Black and White
Dairy only 22 farms, or 17.6% of the studied ones, provide intensive rearing of heifers
(average daily gain of heifers in the age of 0-12 months at 820 -850 g) and inseminate
them at the age of 14-15 months (Figure 1).
In these herds, by adhering to the technological requirements for growing heifers,
the highest level of first-calf heifers’ dairy productivity has been achieved (Figure 2),
which is one of the factors of the effective management of dairy cattle breeding.
Confirmation of this is the recommendations of leading foreign experts, who
found that the optimal period of the first insemination of heifers is the age of 14-16
months. Heifers, which live weight at the age of 24 months is over the 100 kg or more,
during the period of their further maintanse, can produce 2500 kg of milk more, which
will provide the owner, besides accelerated genetic progress, about 290 dollars US
extra profit [10].
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