The organization of intensive rearing of young animals in domestic breeding herds
requires the elimination of the most significant deficiencies in technology, among
which the main violations of the conditions for its maintenance, the limited level of the
forage base, insufficient animal and veterinary control and service workers of the farm.
Implementation of measures for the intensive breeding of heifers will allow them to
accelerate their puberty and insemination for 4-5 months, which will reduce the
unproductive costs of maintaining heifers by an average of UAH 4.8 thousand per head.
According to our data, the level of milk productivity of cows thus increases by 1101-
1234 kg, which will provide UAH 6011-6738 additional revenues from milk sales.
Innovative factors and competitiveness of the dairy cattle industry. Ensuring
the comfort of cows is currently one of the main tasks of management in dairy cattle
breeding. The result of effective management is to maintain health, increase the
duration of operation and increase productivity of cows. Quantitative indicators of the
efficiency of animal comfort in the management system are increasing milk production
and income from its implementation, reducing unproductive costs for veterinary care,
repairing the herd. Considering that one of the main reasons for the disposal of high-
yielding cows in dairy farms is diseases of the legs, which make up 20-25%, and
sometimes - 50% [12, p. 176], the leading factor in the effectiveness of dairy business
is the creation of favorable conditions for keeping cows [13].
In recent years, the most commonly used unbroken system of keeping cows in
groups, with free access to the feeding table, drinking water, access to the walkway, to
recreation facilities where the animals themselves regulate the regime, except for the
processes of milking and preparation of the diet [14]. Due to this technology, the
organization and working conditions of livestock workers are significantly changing,
as there is no need to carry out such laborious processes as tie-down and straightening,
clearing of stands, insertion of litter, etc. With the use of unified milking equipment for
cows, labor costs for animal servicing and milk production are significantly reduced.
There is now a powerful industry that offers new solutions for the technical
equipment of farms. The international search B2B-portal KOMPASS lists a total of
245 companies involved in the design, production, and supply of equipment for dairy
farms in Ukraine. Among the leading foreign producers of equipment for dairy farms
are GEA (Germany), DeLaval (Sweden), Boumatic (Belgium), Afimilk (Israel),
Lemmer Fullwood (Germany), Happel (Germany), Bou-Matic (USA), Strangko),
Fullwood (Great Britain) and others; domestic - group of companies "Bratslav". These
companies produce various types of equipment for the technological processes of
keeping and maintaining cattle in a dairy farm, including various types for milking
cows [15, p. 219-225].
Modern milk farms can now be equipped with the latest Robotic Milking Systems
Galaxy, Astonaut, Zenith, Merlin, which function automatically and provide a milking
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