process for cows without human intervention. Also, venture business is actively
involved in the development of innovative dairy products. Among the more than 100
private companies in BI (Business intelligence - computer methods and tools for
organizations), for start-ups such as Stellapps (farm management software),
BovControl (analytics and artificial intelligence forecasts for Big Data calculations),
AAD (diagnosis of diseases), Connecterra (animal breeding models), TL Biolabs
(predictions based on genomic bioinformatics) are already powerful players in the
market for IT products for dairy farms. Implementation of the latest technologies
allows owners to optimize the processes of keeping and maintaining animals,
controlling the herd, reducing the risk of diseases, effectively managing resources and
ensuring the efficient management of dairy cattle breeding.
However, from the experience of dairy farms functioning, the transfer of animals
from an attached to a non-detained system of retention, due to the effect of the stress
factors in animals, can lead to an increase in the number of traumatized animals, hoof
lesions, increased morbidity, infertility, reduced doses, and premature dropping of
them from herds [14]. These consequences occur in the absence of technical conditions
for the design, construction and operation of farms with unassociated keeping of cows
and lead to a reduction in the profitability of milk production.
Innovative milk production technologies are widely implemented in Europe,
where, in particular, more than 10,000 milking robots function. In particular, in
Germany, every 250-400 farms out of the 3,000 that are put into operation (new or
reconstructed) install robotic systems [16].
It has been established that currently in the breeding (active) part of the
populations of the main breeds (Ukrainian Black and White Dairy,
Ukrainian Red and
White Dairy, Holstein), large-scale milk production with the introduction of innovative
technologies for the maintenance and use of cows is organized only in 61 enterprises
(25.1 %) that hold 47.8 thousand cows (52.2%) (Table 6). The average number of cows
on a farm in this group of companies is 819 heads (from 300 to 2800 cows), the burden
on the farm worker - from 8 to 30 heads, the machine milking operator - 30-75 cows.
Almost half of number of cows (45.6 thousand heads, 48.8%) is still kept in the
form of small herds (40-250 heads) on farms with the outdated technology of tied hold
and milking in the milking bucket. The burden per one machine milking operator is 25-
30 cows, per one employee of these farms - 4-7 heads.
Gross milk production by enterprises where the elements of innovation
technologies were implemented amounted to 351.4 thousand tons (55.0%), which
exceeds the corresponding indicator of farms with traditional technology of keeping
and maintaining cows by 63.7 thousand tons. It has been established that the main
factor of gross milk production under the conditions of introduction of innovative
technologies is the growth of milk productivity of cows (Table 6). The average milk
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