disadvantages, which must be taken into account both for the implementation of
innovative technological solutions.
The first-calf heifers are much better adapted to the conditions of unbroken
containment and milking in the milking room. The proportion of discarded first-borns
kept behind the unbroken system was only 29.1%, which is less than that of full-age
cows by 13.6 p.p. (Table 8). In addition, in a number of dairy complexes, an assessment
of first-calf heifers is carried out on the basis of milk yield and suitability of the udder
to machine milking, which increased the share of animals dropped out on these grounds
by 2.2 and 5.8 p.p. in accordance.
Table 8 The main reasons for the disposal of the first-calf heifers breeding
stock-rearing farms in 2016, on the various technologies of their maintenance and use
Type
of farms
Number
of heifers
that enter
the
milking
herd
Out of them disposal during the first year of use (heads)
tot
al
including due to reasons:
low
disease
other
s
produ
c-
ti
vit
y
re
prod
-
uti
ve
ca
pa
cit
y
gyne
co
-
logi
ca
l
udde
r
legs
digesti
ve
orga
ns
Ukrainian Black and White Dairy
Dairy complexes*
(n=31)
8080
2081
590
337
261
320
367
85
121
%
-
25.7
28.4
16.2
12.5 15.4 17.6
4.1
5.8
Farms with outdated
technology (n=125)
11067
1991
484
269
276
136
213
230
383
%
-
18.0
24.3
13.5
13.9
6.8
10.7
11.5
19.2
Intergroup difference,
p.p.
-
7.7
4.1
2.7
-1.4
8.6
6.9
-7.4
-13.4
Ukrainian Red and White Dairy
Dairy complexes*
(n=21)
4172
1170
365
168
150
78
126
41
242
%
-
28.0
31.2
14.4
12.8
6.7
10.8
3.5
20.6
Farms with outdated
technology (n=49)
3139
450
117
38
92
4
39
35
125
%
-
14.3
26.0
8.4
20.4
0.9
8.6
7.8
27.7
Intergroup difference,
p.p.
-
13.7
5.2
6.0
-7.6
5.8
2.2
-4.3
-7.1
Holstein
Dairy complexes*
(n=9)
2863
1145
205
184
125
114
163
65
289
%
-
39.9
17.5
16.1
10.9 10.0 14.2
5.2
25.2
Farms with outdated
technology (n=8)
391
80
10
7
16
6
20
11
10
%
-
20.5
12.5
8.7
20.0
7.5
25.0
13.8
12.5
Intergroup difference,
p.p.
-
19.4
5.0
7.4
-9.1
2.5
-10.8
-8.6
12.7
Total
Dairy complexes*
(n=61)
15115
4396
1160
689
536
512
656
191
652
- 497 -