normal conditions for the effective functioning of the market and solving the complex
socio-economic problems of the development of the national economy and society as
a whole" [8, p. 22].
The evolution of approaches to public regulation reflects the problems of the
emergence of a market economy and the formation of the market economic theory.
The main stages of the formation and development of systems of public regulation
of the economy (PRE), which characterise the general features of these processes in
different countries, are considered [9, p. 18-20]:
-
the emergence of a market economy, when the role of the state was to form the
legal basis of economic activity, creating favourable conditions for the development of
market relations;
-
aggravation of social contradictions and the emergence of economic crises,
which proved the market failure to solve all problems and the need to strengthen the
role of the state in regulating economic processes;
-
substantiation and application of legal, tax, monetary and budgetary instruments.
At this stage, the governments of the most developed countries acted as borrowers of
capital, both in domestic and foreign markets, initiating the territorial and economic
division of the world based on the interests of national wealth;
-
implementation of the anti-crisis policy, which was to find forms of influence on
employment and prices, encouraging concentration of capital;
-
antitrust policy, which was reflected in the formation of national cartels, was
accompanied by revolutionary changes, the creation of models of the militarised policy
of states. It was at this stage of the global development of a market economy that the
Soviet Union with a centralised system of managing the economy emerged on the basis
of state ownership and planning;
-
the formation of the public sector, which began after the end of the Second World
War, was the nationalisation of essential industries in many countries, accompanied by
the emergence of a socialist system in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Cuba;
-
the construction of a model of an economic system characterised by long-term
economic growth in the postwar period, the emergence of new problems and the
holding of state-owned property in privatised countries;
- optimization of the combination of PRE tools and objectives, which was carried
out by forecasting the consequences of regulatory measures, the development of long-
term plans, the use of targeted and complex regulatory tools.
The experience of becoming a public regulation. The formation of public
regulation within the planned economy took place under the influence of different
views on the role of state and market regulation, as well as changes in the economic
development of the country.
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