Consequently, taking into account the condition of the Ukrainian economy, it is
necessary to find the optimal balance between the market mechanism and public
regulation and to identify the main components of the public regulation mechanism.
Conceptual approaches to the formation of a financial and economical
mechanism for managing regional development. In the scientific literature, it is
believed that the management mechanism "provides an influence on the factors, from
the state of which the result of the operation of the management object depends" [5, p.
235]. Achievements in the development of society depend on the success of solving
socio-economic problems in the development of the national economy. Therefore, the
object of public regulation is the national economy. The term "national economy" may
have different interpretations, since there are different approaches to the definition of
a nation. It is identified with a particular country (state), or a nation considered
historically formed form of community of people.
As a form of community of people, the nation characterises certain features of
culture, everyday life, external signs, temperament, etc. These properties of people can
be preserved throughout the presence of a person regardless of the change of place of
residence. Ukrainians live in different parts of the world, but this does not change the
concept of the national economy of the countries in which they migrate, because the
economy is identified with the economy (region, country, world).
At the same time, a person acquires the traits of the nation mainly in a defined
territory. Although it is impossible to agree with another narrow interpretation of the
nation, such as geographic space, in D. Ricardo or a region that is limited to state
borders, S. Mill. More acceptable is the economic concept of R. Barr, according to
which the nation is the centre of economic activity with particular conditions or the
centre of privileged cohesion for economic, political and spiritual reasons. That is, the
national economy has territorial boundaries.
The purely economic definition of the national economy is a "collection of legally
free, but interconnected exchanges of single farms within a single state" [16, p. 9].
But such a definition does not take into account the peculiarities of the historically
formed community of people. Therefore, it has to take into account the historical
concept, which emphasises that within the limits of the state people feel not only
ethnographic but also spiritual unity, national character, conscious of its world
significance.
The most important definition of the national economy is the economic activity
within the country, regulated by the institutional system, structured in the sectoral and
regional spheres, following the established economic, political (state) and ideological
(social) order. Accordingly, the national economy has a sectoral and regional structure,
and objects of management can be separate components: an economic activity of
industries or regions.
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