provisions of the General Agreement on Trade in Services confirms the direction of
innovation of cruise shipping companies.
In practice, improving the quality of service provision in the structure of the cruise
tourism product requires the introduction of process technological innovations, since it
is on their basis that an updated tourist product can be offered to the market,
accordingly, product innovations form an innovative tourism product for the regional
or world market.
The model of R. Barras defines a cycle of introducing innovations that change
each other, but the modern environment determines the need for parallel
implementation of both process and product innovations. We believe that this model
illustrates the development of a specific service from the component of the cruise
tourism product in the basic (core) element of the innovative product. At the same time
services in the structure of innovation product are characterized by technological
interaction.
Innovative changes of the modern cruise tourism market. Factors of the
external and internal environment indicate the need for innovation and innovation of
the cruise shipping company, namely: changes in the needs of tourists and the stability
of demand for services, the market position of the company and its internal potential,
competition in the industry (in the segment of the market) and the pace development
of economic sectors that are directly involved in the formation of a cruise tourism
product. The listed group of factors reveal the cruise shipping company's ability to
utilize its resource potential in the current period and characterizes the innovative
opportunities for launching updated tourist products on the market.
The pace of changing the parameters of each of these factors influences the pace
of change in the competitive position of the cruise shipping company, acting as general
guidelines for the organization of the company. In addition, internal competition
between companies contributes to the penetration of innovative technologies in all
business processes, which in practice involves the use of process and project
management innovations.
Research shows that the characteristics and features of innovation are consistent
with project characteristics: innovations have a well-defined goal, they are defined in
terms of content and are limited in time of implementation and directions of change;
innovations are associated with novelty and irregularity, that is, uncertainty; innovation
is characterized by complexity and poor structuring; the budget for innovation is
limited; the innovation process can be divided into phases with intermediate goals and
objectives; the introduction of innovations, especially product and process, is
associated with technological, economic, financial and time risks [11].
The decision to introduce a specific innovative tourism product is based on taking
into account the own capabilities of cruise shipping companies when assessing external
and internal barriers and incentives. Barriers and incentives for introducing an
innovative cruise tourism product are related groups of factors that, depending on a
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