and the slow political recognition of PPPs, a policy aimed at expanding its use is
becoming increasingly popular in countries with different levels of economic
development.
In accordance with the further growth of the infrastructure gap and the importance
of social security for the population of the countries in the context of sustainable
development, one needs to analyze, for example, the unique experience of the countries
of the ASEAN region in solving huge problems with the development of infrastructure
and attracting international investment in order to raise the standard of living. The
UNCTAD study has shown that better infrastructure can have a positive impact on
income growth and poverty reduction in the countries of the Greater Mekong
Subregion. It is anticipated that attracting international investment in infrastructure
projects will stimulate GDP growth to 8.3%, with the largest rise in Cambodia, Lao
GDR, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand. Due to the reduction in economic costs due to
road congestion in Manila, approximately 54 million US per day and about 23 million
US dollars in Bulacan, Cavite, Laguni and Rizal. It is 27.2 billion US dollars per year
lost through congestion, equal to 11% of the country's GDP [15].
In the Lao GDR, investments in the development of power plants over the years
have increased access to electricity to households from 16% in 1995 to more than 70%
in 2016. Many power plants in the Lao PDR, built and operated on the basis of PPPs
by foreign investors, export electricity to neighboring countries [16].
In Malaysia, by 2015, PPP projects involving foreign investors are building 7 new
highways at an estimated cost of 6.19 billion US dollars to connect the territories and
increase the efficiency of the road network of the Serdang-Kinra-Putrajaya, Duta-Ulu-
Kelang, Sangay-Besi-Ulu-Kelang, Damansara-Shah Alam, Kinar-Damansara, the
Kuala Lumpur ring road and the freeway West Coast from Bunting to Taiping, which
are scheduled to be completed in 2019 [15, 8]
The Philippines plans to update 49 airports through the PPP mechanism until
2019, with an estimated investment value of 2.5 billion US dollars. Construction of the
new Manila airport at an estimated cost of about 10 billion US dollars will be funded
by the PPP with private investment from Japan. It is expected that it will start operating
in 2025 and accommodate 55 million passengers per year [15].
In 2013, the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam implemented projects in
the field of aviation infrastructure worth over 8.1 billion US dollars, Long Thanh
Airport - 7.2 billion US dollars [15, 17].
Joint participation in the PPP project to expand the Tanjung Prik International
Seaport in Indonesia to private investors, Nectar Group (United Kingdom) and Seasia
Logistics (Philippines), will triple the port capacity and reduce traffic congestion. By
2023, this facility will be invested about 4 billion US dollars.
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