Shvydanenko O.
Professor, Professor of the Department of International Economy, SHEE KNEU,
Kiev
Busarieva T.
PhD, associate professor of the department of international economy SHEE
KNEU, Kiev
HUMAN AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AS THE BASIS OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
Introduction. Modern countries – leaders, because of the changed image of
competition, modern trends in its development, have long rivaled each other
exclusively on the basis of comparative advantages. The basis for intercountry
competition in the XXI century. The competitive advantages and time of their
formation and improvement are put. Today, the fact that the national economy, which
specializes exclusively in the export of raw materials, without creating (or not
increasing) the competitive advantages on an ongoing basis, has already been elevated
to the rank of an axiom, reduces the level of its national security to a critical level and,
as a result, order in the number of "dependent countries"
Meanwhile, the importance of the characteristics of a society filled with the
"human" content, based on information and knowledge, should not be secondary, since
it is man who, as a living bearer of creative qualities, strengths and abilities, becomes
in the 21st century the main basis for the existence of a highly efficient and competitive
economy. In this case, it is about strengthening the role of human and intellectual
capital in the formation and development of countries - the leaders of the world
economy, successfully transferred to their post-industrial stage at the end of the 20th
century.
As it is known, in general, the category "capital" has deep roots that go back to
the nineteenth century, however, just as in the case of many other economic concepts,
there is still no clarity in its definition. So, traditionally, when determining capital,
economists regarded it as the main factor of production and identified with the means
of production. Historically, the ancestors of this interpretation were the classics of
political economy: A. Smith regarded capital as accumulated and materialized work,
D. Ricardo believed that capital is a means of production. Physiocrats in France under
the capital understood the land. Among the famous economists of the XX century this
concept was supported by W. Baumol, A. Blinder, R. Dornbusch and others.
In turn, K. Marx, for example, proposed three interpretations of the concept of
"capital". According to one of them, "capital" was defined as a "means of exploitation"
of the worker and the establishment of power over the labor force. Another
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