At the same time, many non-economic factors play an important role in relations
concerning the reproduction of the human potential, from which the neoclassical theory
of the human capital is abstracted. The human capital should be approached as an
important "(but not the only) form of manifestation of emergency in the system of
market relations".
Finally, the human capital can not be limited to the notion of "labor resources",
because, as it was already noted earlier, it should also include investments, tools (tools),
infrastructure and received usefulness. In the economic literature, the human capital is
classified into two key areas: the degree of efficiency and the level of economic
analysis. [3, p.176]
As for the methods used to assess the human capital, there are several ways to
name it. First, the human capital can be quantified using the models proposed by
economists:
•
model L. Thurow, based on the concept of the individual's economic abilities
(the ratio of the expected value of his earnings to the expected cost of production costs
of his human capital assets);
•
T. Schulz model, which takes into account the very activity of the individual
or, in other words - the productive services of the human capital;
•
model of Ben-Porta, giving an estimate of the reserve of the human capital
from the point of view of its influence on the formation of production costs,
Secondly, with reference to the national human capital, it can be estimated from
the position of the structuring element of national wealth (or GDP) by the method of
discounting, full "replacement cost" or by investments.
And thirdly, the calculation of the accumulated HC and its quality can be carried
out using a system of indices, among which the priority in the field of cross-country
comparisons is given to the Human Capital Index calculated by the experts of the WEF.
The concept of intellectual capital (IС) is also inseparable from the knowledge
economy. It is believed that for the first time the issue of the importance of intellectual
activity in the production process back in the mid-twentieth century. raised J. Galbraith.
Later, his ideas were developed by T. Stewart, L. Edvinsson, L. Prusak, C. Albert, C.
Bradley, etc. However, despite the rather long history of the study of this term as
capital, currently available in the economic literature of its definition are still mostly
too general in nature and are developed most often with reference to either the level of
the firm or an individual person (Table 2).
In the most general sense today, IС is understood as the sum of knowledge, skills,
experience and qualifications of employees, which provides an increment in income
for an individual company or other benefits of a social plan for an individual or society
as a whole. In other words, the core of all the accumulated approaches to the definition
of IС is the human mind, "there is no equal to it the planet Earth".
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