neoclassical - can be characterized as bourgeois political economy. The second is
Marxist political economy, the foundations of which were laid by Karl Marx (1818-
1883) and Frederick Engels (1820-1895).
Marxists made a revolution in economic science by creating a doctrine of added
value and discovering the nature of capitalist exploitation. In his main work, Capital,
on which K. Marx worked for forty years, he, drawing on the actual material on the
development of capitalism in England, made a scientific analysis of the capitalist
system, stated the limitations of such a mode of production and the inevitability of
changing his society's higher form of organization. The main contradiction of the
capitalist mode of production was observed by Marx and F. Engels in a contradiction
between the social character of production and the private capitalist form of
appropriation. To solve this contradiction, in their opinion, it is possible only as a result
of the socialist revolution, which should abolish private property and the relation of
exploitation. The subject of science of "political economy" of the classics of Marxism
was seen in the study of laws in the system of production and economic relations, that
is, relations on the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material
goods.
Despite the fact that in today's world, only one country that adheres to the
approaches and principles of Marxist political economy - North Korea, has remained
in the world map, in the theoretical heritage of the economic doctrine of Marxism there
are a lot of constructive theoretical and methodological ideas that have endured the
time-tested, recognized science and used by many leading Western and domestic
economists.
K. Marx and today remains one of the most famous and eminent economists of
the world, along with which only A. Smith, D. Ricardo and D. Keynes can be put.
Professor of the University of London Mark Blauh, a well-known specialist in the
history of economic science, arrived at the following generalization: "Marx was subject
to revaluation, review, refutation, and hid a thousand times, but he resists each time
trying to send him into an intellectual past. It is good or bad, but his ideas became an
integral part of that world of ideas within which we all think. "In the late 80's,
Samuelson and Nordkhouse (USA) noted that more than one billion people, one third
of the world's population, live in countries where "Capital" K. Marx is an economic
"Gospel". It is no accident that many contemporary Western economists consider K.
Marx as number one of economist of the nineteenth century and, in a mass sociological
survey of BI-BI-SI, he has been recognized as the most prominent thinker of the past
millennium.
The creative direction of the development of modern Marxist political economy,
in contrast to the orthodox, tries to highlight every economic law and category (cost,
price, money, etc.), justified at one time by Marx as being constantly enriched with
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