Ukraine at the modern stage of world development. The aggregate of different
enterprises that produce goods or provide services forms an economic system. It may
be a system of economy of a village, city, district, country, world. In the system of
economy of the world the main components are national economies of the countries,
and the connections between them are formed according to the laws of the international
division of labor.
Under the notion of "system" it is understood a set of components that are in
relationships and links with each other, forming a certain integrity, unity.
The interaction of national economies takes place on the basis of a variety of
industrial, economic and political relations, which are realized through trade, service
provision, movement of capital, exchange of information on scientific knowledge,
exchange of cultural achievements and through the migration of manpower.
Among the wide range of models of the mixed economy: conservative (USA),
state dirigism (France), corporate paternalism (Japan, countries of East Asia), "welfare
state" (Sweden), etc., the social market economy is highlighted as a modern model of
a market economy.
Social market economy arose in Germany as a reaction to the dictatorial manner
of the national-socialist state. In 1941, in Freiburg, a group of scientists united to
develop landmarks for economic development. After the collapse of the Third Reich,
the concept of a social market economy was grounded by the German scientist A.
Müller-Armac (1947).
V. Oyken developed the theoretical basis for the reform of 1948 in West Germany,
relying on the principles of the theory of "social liberalism" (as defined by the author
of the "horde of liberalism"). In practice, he also embodied the idea of a social market
economy Ludwig Erhard - Director of Economic Management, then Economics
Minister and second in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany chancellor.
Throughout the postwar period, the economy of the Federal Republic of Germany
justified itself in the best way, providing social equalization in favor of the weaker
segments of the population based on the results of the market.
The social market economy involves combining the principle of market freedom
with the principle of social equality - this is a modern form of economic organization
of a market type with a well-established mechanism of state regulation, an appropriate
institutional structure and a system of social protection of the population. Its main goal
is to achieve a high level of well-being for the overwhelming majority of society
members in terms of economic freedom and on the basis of a competitive environment.
Significant attention is paid to the social market economy, since it is this model -
an adjusted social market economy - defined by the current legislation for Ukraine,
although it is necessary to build appropriate institutions of functioning and regulation
in the country along this path.
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