The economic system of any structure of an institutional structure requires
regulation, but economic agents play a role in shaping the object of regulation. The
latter in their functional dependence may act as an object or subject of regulatory
action.
The behavior of economic agents in a market situation requires regulatory
influence both on market and state institutions. This provision was the starting point in
the development of the methodological provisions of modern regulation theories.
Analyzing the concept of regulation, we note that the economy is an
institutionalized process in which market agents and institutions interact, and within
this interaction objective-subjective regulation and self-regulation take place. During
its historical development, a person tries to realize the logic of rational interaction for
the successful implementation of motivations. It is in this that the reason for the
regulation as an institution is the demonopolization of economic relations and the
provision of a competitive satisfaction of the needs of society and the individual.
The regulation of the economy is effective only in the case of a rational
combination of the self-regulatory functions of the market with the state mechanisms
of influence on commodity exchange and production transactions. In addition, each
state has its own, specific model of the concept of regulatory functions, which is formed
at the expense and under the influence of certain institutions and institutors. Thus,
mechanisms of coordination of market interactions are being developed and
implemented, in which the market and the state institutions take part.
Different concepts of economic regulation focus scientific research on the
substantiation of the methodology of state regulation, and in practice it is embodied in
different models of national identity.
The name of the
model
Organizational and economic essence
American
Liberal concept with minimization of state intervention, which is to create the
rules of functioning of the economic system and the motivational field
Japanese
Centralized intervention of state structures, power structures, which market-
based methods create a favorable environment for market players
Swedish
Active state interference in the market process through the mechanism of
rational redistribution of income and socially oriented tax policy
German
Research of market regulators in conjunction with the creation of an effective
system of social protection at the expense of entrepreneurs
Anglo-Saxon
A liberal approach that involves minimal state intervention in the economy
solely through the formation of a favorable institutional field
Figure 2. Models of state regulation of the economy
Source: Formed by the author on the basis of the worked literature [5]
Figure 2 shows a combination of different methods, principles and admissions of
regulation that ensure the implementation of policy principles for the structuring of
relations in the economic system according to certain rules. However, the mechanism
- 852 -