the managers and the non-managerial workers in the assessment of the coping factors
of the methodologies CISS and COPE-b (Tables 2a and 2b, Figures 3 and 4).
Table 2a Assessment of CISS and COPE-b factors by managers and non-
managers
CISS
Position
M
t - test
p
Emotion-oriented
Manager
2.66
-4.693
.000
Non-manager
3.04
Task-oriented
Manager
3.88
2.650
.008
Non-manager
3.62
Avoidance
Manager
2.27
-2.467
.014
Non-manager
2.57
Social support
Manager
3.19
-1.985
.050
Non-manager
3.39
COPE-b
Position
M
t - test
p
Self-distraction
Manager
2.22
-1.962
.050
Non-manager
2.38
Active coping
Manager
2.80
2.054
.041
Non-manager
2.65
Denial
Manager
1.85
-3.254
.001
Non-manager
2.11
Use of emotional support
Manager
2.46
-1.450
.148
Non-manager
2.59
Use of instrumental support
Manager
2.41
-1.402
.162
Non-manager
2.52
Behavioral disengagement
Manager
1.89
-1.579
.116
Non-manager
2.03
Venting
Manager
2.42
1.559
.120
Non-manager
2.31
Positive reframing
Manager
2.79
1.957
.050
Non-manager
2.66
Planning
Manager
3.04
2.231
.026
Non-manager
2.87
Humor
Manager
2.21
.471
.638
Non-manager
2.16
Acceptance
Manager
2.65
.648
.517
Non-manager
2.60
Religion
Manager
1.88
-1.388
.166
Non-manager
2.03
Self-blame
Manager
2.47
-1.606
.109
Non-manager
2.59
On the basis of the results obtained it may be claimed that in terms of the
assessment of behavior in demanding situations of managers and non-managers, the
managers achieved higher scores than the non-managers in the CISS methodology
factor Task-oriented.
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