Table 2b Assessment of Substance use (COPE-b) by managers and non-
managers
COPE-b
Position
M
MDN
Mann-
Whitney U
Wilcoxon
W
Z
p
Substance use
Manager
1.351
1.00
12335.00
20085.00 -1.034 .301
Non-manager
1.443
1.00
Figure 3. CISS factors assessment comparison between managers and non-
managers
Figure 4. COPE-b factors assessment comparison between managers and non-
managers
On the other hand, in the other three factors of the CISS methodology, higher
scores were recorded by the non-managers, as well as in the COPE-b factor Self-
distraction. Within the given methodology, the managers scored higher than the non-
- 905 -