loss of water from communications, the creation of ponds in the ravine-girder system
and the like, is of decisive importance. This led to the fact that on the territory of
research up to date there is a regional flooding that has arisen as a result of significant,
prolonged anthropogenic impact on both agricultural and urbanized agrolandscapes,
which necessitates the development of new methods for protecting agrolandscapes, as
well as artificial objects, built in them , from underflooding. Therefore, the tasks of the
research are:
1 – determination of causes of flooding for the study area;
2 – development of technical solutions for ensuring reliable and long-term
operation of foundations and in-depth parts of structures in the flooded land zone.
Causes and consequences of flooding of the investigated territory. Due to the
construction of the Kakhovka Reservoir, the valley of the Dnipro River from the zone
of unloading of groundwater has become a zone of their backwater and feed back.
Watering of the upper part of neogene limestones (previously anhydrous) took place
along the entire perimeter of the reservoir. The influence of the reservoir, with varying
intensity, can be traced at a distance of 30-150 km (deep into the plateau).
Regional development of the backwater of the Kakhovka water reservoir and
irrigation canals, the formation of domes of underground waters on irrigated massifs in
the south of the region turned the valley of the river Dnepr, the northern coastal part of
Lake Sivash and the Black Sea gulfs from the zones of unloading of groundwater into
the zone of intensive feeding, as the region has almost completely lost its regional
natural drainage and as a result of this discharge of groundwater is mainly of an
ascending nature.
According to the existing of geology and man-made changes in the hydrology of
the Kakhovka water reservoir, in the early to mid 80s of the last century the processes
of "filling the zones of surface aeration" of soils and completing the "fountains" in
certain paddock areas occured. In conditions of increasing negative influence of global
climate changes (warming, increase in the number and unevenness of precipitation,
flood risks), it is necessary to expect intensification of bogging processes in the bottom
areas, territories of maximum impact of main canals and irrigation systems (the
dynamics of the constant growth of flood areas, 50 thousand ha per year) and
desertification due to salinization and solonetzation of "flattening" adjacent to the
swamping zones with intensive (including unregulated irrigation of land) in fairly large
areas of the region.
After 2001, there is a slight, but a tendency to increase the area of irrigation in the
Kherson region from 54,50% of the available area in 2002 up to 66,96% in 2010. Total
restoration of the irrigation area to the area of available irrigated land is observed in
the Kakhovka irrigated massif, where this figure is 75,95%.
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